| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: About, and its editorial rules steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: home page, the AI advisor (“grounded, cited answers”) steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: “SteadyShares’ AI agents: an honest scorecard”, 27 July 2026 steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own self-assessment, published as such | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: how the AI picks are made steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: “We audited our own data, and three quarters of it was not what it claimed” steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own study, with its method | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: pricing (“Nothing is for sale right now”) steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: methodology, with its limits steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: research studies, recomputed every morning, each with what it cannot tell you steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: SteadyShares | SteadyShares: the data API, the MCP connector and live data in spreadsheets steadyshares.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: the verification standard, “What we check, and what we do not” ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: rubric v1.0, run by hand on 30 listings, 30 September 2026 ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own review, with its method | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: terms (last updated 11 October 2026) ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: how much of the catalogue each kind of evidence covers ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: the ooruby Index #1, 823 MCP servers, data as of 25 September 2026 ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own study, with its data | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: App Audit #1, 200 apps made with an AI app builder, data as of 30 September 2026 ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own study, with its data | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: home page (“None has been through the full rubric yet”, and what the badge does not cover) ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| Case studyCase study: ooruby | ooruby: the public ledger of signed verification records ooruby.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the product’s own published page (our product) | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Business Gateway: the AI Adoption Programme bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Business Gateway: free one-to-one advice, webinars and events bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Business Gateway: “An introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) for small businesses”, 11 November 2026 bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 12 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab: AI Scotland, the National AI Adoption Programme for SMEs thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab: Introduction to Data and AI for SME Leaders thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab: From Foundation to Implementation, getting SME leaders ready for AI thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab: Problem Definition Workshop thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab: hands-on data and AI support for SMEs thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Government: £1.8 million for a second year of AI adoption support (19 August 2026) gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Enterprise: digital transformation support scottish-enterprise.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Interface: free, impartial matchmaking with universities and colleges interface-online.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Interface: innovation vouchers, with the deadlines for the advanced voucher interface-online.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Interface: Standard Innovation Voucher, supporting information (PDF) interface-online.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Interface: Advanced Innovation Voucher, supporting information (PDF) interface-online.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab Academy Placement Programme thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Funding Council: guidance on the New Flexible Workforce Development Fund for colleges, 2026-27 (SFC/GD/11/2026, 6 July 2026) sfc.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the funder’s own guidance | 19 Oct 2026 | 17 Apr 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Edinburgh College: the New Flexible Workforce Development Fund edinburghcollege.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | GOV.UK: Help to Grow: Management gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Business School: Help to Grow: Management hw.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | GOV.UK: R&D tax relief, the merged scheme and enhanced R&D intensive support gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 17 Apr 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | HMRC manual CIRD81910: the DSIT guidelines on the meaning of R&D for tax purposes (2023) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 17 Apr 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | UKRI: Knowledge Transfer Partnership ukri.org (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | UKRI: Innovation Loans, expression of interest ukri.org (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | UKRI: BridgeAI Deployment Catalyst, AI for Operational Systems (one of three competitions) ukri.org (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Enterprise: research and development grants scottish-enterprise.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Business Gateway: support for innovation, research and development bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | GOV.UK: free AI training for all adults (28 January 2026) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Business Gateway Edinburgh bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Business Gateway Edinburgh: “Make your eCommerce site work for you”, an AI and ecommerce workshop over four days bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | City of Edinburgh Council: support for business, including the Export Support Grant edinburgh.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Enterprise: SMART: SCOTLAND grants, on hold scottish-enterprise.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Innovate UK Business Connect: Innovate UK Business Growth iuk-business-connect.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Enterprise: Strategic Leadership for AI, Data and Technology scottish-enterprise.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | The Data Lab: the Living with AI course page learn.thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Government: digital support funding, FOI release (13 March 2024) gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | UKRI: Smart innovation funding guidance ukri.org (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | GOV.UK: Help to Grow: Digital closes to new applications (15 December 2022) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | City of Edinburgh Council: the Edinburgh Visitor Economy Improvement Fund (7 September 2026) edinburgh.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Made Smarter: registering as a manufacturer madesmarter.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | South of Scotland Enterprise: the AI adoption programme southofscotlandenterprise.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 19 Oct 2026 | 18 Nov 2026 |
| GuideFunding and support for AI in Scotland | Scottish Government: Business Insights and Conditions Survey, weighted Scotland estimates to wave 165, artificial intelligence (9 October 2026) gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; official statistics, businesses with ten or more employees | 19 Oct 2026 | 19 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteAgentic AI: when should software take actions for you? | ICO tech futures: agentic AI (Information Commissioner's Office, 8 January 2026) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAgentic AI: when should software take actions for you? | ICO: our plans for new and updated guidance (technology) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAgentic AI: when should software take actions for you? | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 80: automated decision-making legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAgentic AI: when should software take actions for you? | The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026 legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAgentic AI: when should software take actions for you? | Prompt injection is not SQL injection (it may be worse) (NCSC, 8 December 2025) ncsc.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the National Cyber Security Centre’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | Charity Digital Skills Report 2026: artificial intelligence findings charitydigitalskills.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own survey | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | Using artificial intelligence tools in funding applications (The National Lottery Community Fund) tnlcommunityfund.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the funder’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | Using AI in grant applications (Historic Environment Scotland) historicenvironment.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the funder’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | Government-built 'Humphrey' AI tool reviews responses to consultation for first time (GOV.UK, 14 May 2025) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own announcement | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | What is special category data? (ICO) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | What are the rules on special category data? (ICO) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | ICO: What are the accountability and governance implications of AI? ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | Digital support for the voluntary sector (SCVO) scvo.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own survey | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | Business Gateway: free business support in Scotland bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteAI for charities: five uses that don't need a big budget | AI Scotland: National AI Adoption Programme (The Data Lab) thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | AI at work is here. Now comes the hard part (Microsoft and LinkedIn 2024 Work Trend Index) microsoft.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | How your data is used to improve model performance (OpenAI) openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | What are the accountability and governance implications of AI? (ICO) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | EU AI Act, Article 2: Scope artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | AI Act: regulatory framework and application dates (European Commission) digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the European Commission’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | AI literacy: the original Article 4 wording (RTR, Austria's AI Service Desk) rtr.at (opens in a new tab) | primary; a national regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | Article 4: AI literacy, as amended (European Commission AI Act Service Desk) ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the European Commission’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteAn AI policy your team will actually read (with a one-page template) | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, the Digital Omnibus on AI (EUR-Lex) eur-lex.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteBefore you buy AI, look at your spreadsheets | Generate charts and valuable insights using Gemini in Google Sheets (Google Workspace Updates, 29 January 2025) workspaceupdates.googleblog.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteBefore you buy AI, look at your spreadsheets | Get started with Copilot in Excel (Microsoft Support) support.microsoft.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteChatbots that don't make things up: how retrieval works | Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks (Lewis et al., NeurIPS 2020) arxiv.org (opens in a new tab) | preprint; not peer-reviewed | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteChatbots that don't make things up: how retrieval works | Hallucination-Free? Assessing the Reliability of Leading AI Legal Research Tools (Magesh et al., Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 2025) arxiv.org (opens in a new tab) | preprint; not peer-reviewed | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteChatbots that don't make things up: how retrieval works | Data, Privacy, and Security for Microsoft 365 Copilot (Microsoft Learn) learn.microsoft.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Data, Privacy, and Security for Microsoft 365 Copilot (Microsoft Learn) learn.microsoft.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | What is Microsoft Copilot? (Microsoft Learn) learn.microsoft.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Enterprise privacy at OpenAI openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Is my data used for model training? (Anthropic Privacy Center) privacy.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Generative AI in Google Workspace Privacy Hub (Google Workspace Help) knowledge.workspace.google.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | AI tools for business (Google Workspace) workspace.google.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Connected apps in ChatGPT (OpenAI Help Center) help.openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Set up the Microsoft 365 connector (Claude Help Center) support.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Use Google Workspace connectors (Claude Help Center) support.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | Microsoft 365 Copilot experiment: cross-government findings report (GOV.UK, June 2025) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteCopilot, ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini: how to choose for your team | ICO: What are the accountability and governance implications of AI? ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | University of Edinburgh: AI legacy ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | School of Informatics: A short history of the antecedents of the School informatics.ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | School of Informatics: Highlights in the history of Edinburgh computer science and AI research informatics.ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | University of Edinburgh: History makers, Informatics ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | National Museums Scotland: Freddy the robot nms.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | AIAI: Freddy aiai.ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | IEEE Spectrum: Freddy the Robot Was the Fall Guy for British AI (2025) spectrum.ieee.org (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a news report | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | MacTutor: John Napier mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | MacTutor: James Clerk Maxwell mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | The Data Lab: About us thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | GOV.UK: Bayes Centre opens as part of the City Region Deal (2018) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own announcement | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | Data-Driven Innovation initiative ddi.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | University of Edinburgh: Edinburgh Futures Institute opens (2024) ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the institution’s own account of its history | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | GOV.UK: Scotland to host UK's national supercomputer (June 2025) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own announcement | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | EPCC: £750m supercomputer milestone as turf is cut in Edinburgh (June 2026) epcc.ed.ac.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the centre’s own announcement | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteEdinburgh and AI: sixty years of teaching machines | The Data Lab: MSc Placement Programme thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteHow to tell if an AI project worked | Microsoft 365 Copilot experiment: cross-government findings report (GOV.UK, June 2025) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteHow to tell if an AI project worked | Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivity (METR, July 2025) metr.org (opens in a new tab) | research organisation’s own study, method published | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | The Data Lab: AI Scotland National AI Adoption Programme thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | The Data Lab: Hands-on data and AI support for SMEs thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | Scottish Government: £1.8m for the second year of AI adoption support (19 August 2026) gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own announcement | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | Scottish Government: Scotland's AI Strategy 2026 to 2031 gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | Scottish Government: Artificial intelligence policy and AI Scotland gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | Business Gateway bgateway.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | The Data Lab: MSc Placement Programme thedatalab.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | GOV.UK: R&D tax relief, the merged scheme and enhanced R&D intensive support gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | HMRC manual CIRD81900: guidelines on the meaning of R&D for tax purposes gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | Scottish Enterprise: Research and development grant scottish-enterprise.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | Scottish Government FOI response on the Digital Development Loan (2023) gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field notePaying for an AI project in Scotland: what's available in 2026 | UKRI: Smart innovation funding guidance ukri.org (opens in a new tab) | primary; the organisation’s own description of its programme | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | EU AI Act, Article 2: Scope artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | EU AI Act, Article 3: Definitions artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | EU AI Act, Article 5: Prohibited AI practices artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | EU AI Act, Article 50: Transparency obligations artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | EU AI Act, Annex I: Union harmonisation legislation artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | EU AI Act, Annex III: High-risk AI systems artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an unofficial annotated text of the Act | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | European Commission: AI Act regulatory framework digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the European Commission’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amending the AI Act (EUR-Lex) eur-lex.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | White & Case: EU AI Omnibus enters into force (2026) whitecase.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a professional summary of the law | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteThe EU AI Act in 2026: what a Scottish business needs to know | IAPP: King's Speech signals diffuse UK digital policy agenda, but no AI bill (May 2026) iapp.org (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a professional summary of the law | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: What are the accountability and governance implications of AI? ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: Guidance on AI and data protection (under review) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: Lawful basis, special category data and criminal offence data ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: Data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: Right to be informed ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: Contracts and liabilities between controllers and processors ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: International transfers ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO tech futures: Agentic AI (January 2026) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 80: automated decision-making legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 103: complaints by data subjects legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | SI 2026/82: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6) Regulations 2026 legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | SI 2026/425: Code of Practice on Artificial Intelligence and Automated Decision-Making Regulations 2026 legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteUK GDPR and AI tools: a practical checklist for small organisations | ICO: Our plans for new and updated technology guidance ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | AI Playbook for the UK Government (GOV.UK, February 2025) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | What are tokens and how to count them? (OpenAI help article) help.openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | Glossary (Anthropic documentation) platform.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | Models overview, including knowledge cut-off dates (Anthropic documentation) platform.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | Context windows (Anthropic documentation) platform.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | How your data is used to improve model performance (OpenAI help article) help.openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | Enterprise privacy at OpenAI openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | Updates to Consumer Terms and Privacy Policy (Anthropic, August 2025) anthropic.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | Is my data used for model training? (Anthropic privacy centre) privacy.claude.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhat is a large language model? A plain-English guide | What are the accountability and governance implications of AI? (ICO) ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteWhere AI actually saves time: what the research says | Generative AI at Work (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2025) ideas.repec.org (opens in a new tab) | peer-reviewed study | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteWhere AI actually saves time: what the research says | Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence (Science, 2023) doi.org (opens in a new tab) | peer-reviewed study | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteWhere AI actually saves time: what the research says | Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier (Organization Science, 2026) pubsonline.informs.org (opens in a new tab) | peer-reviewed study | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteWhere AI actually saves time: what the research says | Microsoft 365 Copilot experiment: cross-government findings report (GOV.UK, June 2025) gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own publication | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteWhere AI actually saves time: what the research says | Business insights and impact on the UK economy: 2 July 2026 (ONS) ons.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; official statistics | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteWhy AI gets things wrong, and how we design around it | Navigating the Jagged Technological Frontier (Organization Science, 2026) pubsonline.informs.org (opens in a new tab) | peer-reviewed study | 4 Oct 2026 | 4 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteWhy AI gets things wrong, and how we design around it | Why language models hallucinate (OpenAI, September 2025) openai.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 4 Oct 2026 | 3 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteWhy AI gets things wrong, and how we design around it | Ayinde v London Borough of Haringey and Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin), High Court, 6 June 2025 judiciary.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the judgment itself | 4 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYour first AI automation: pick something boring | ICO: What are the accountability and governance implications of AI? ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteYour first AI automation: pick something boring | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 80: automated decision-making (legislation.gov.uk) legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteYour first AI automation: pick something boring | SI 2026/82: the regulations that brought section 80 into force on 5 February 2026 (legislation.gov.uk) legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 4 Oct 2026 | 2 Apr 2027 |
| Field note£320 buys five controls, and £25,000 of cover if you tick the box. | National Cyber Security Centre, “Cyber Essentials” overview, read 23 September 2026: “Cyber Essentials is the minimum standard of cyber security recommended by the Government for organisations of all sizes”; five technical controls (firewalls, secure configuration, security update management, user access control, malware protection); “most cyber-attacks are basic in nature”, compared to “a thief trying your front door to see if it’s unlocked”; Cyber Essentials starts at £320 + VAT, Plus quoted on network complexity and adding independent technical testing for “higher assurance”; UK organisations under £20m turnover that certify their whole organisation are “automatically entitled to Cyber Liability Insurance arranged by our Cyber Essentials’ Delivery Partner, IASME”, including round-the-clock incident response support with technical, legal and crisis management services. The page does not state the cover’s value or cost. ncsc.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the national technical authority’s own scheme, and it does not sell the certification itself | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field note£320 buys five controls, and £25,000 of cover if you tick the box. | IASME, “Cyber Liability Insurance”, read 24 September 2026: “When completing the Cyber Essentials assessment, those eligible for the insurance will be asked to opt-in only if they want the cover”; “a £25,000 limit of indemnity” with “a £1,000 excess (increasing to £5,000 for claims emanating from activities in the USA or Canada)”; a “24hr helpline to report a cyber incident”; “The cost of the Certification remains the same whether or not you opt-in”; a condition to “install & maintain automatically provided updates from your software provider for critical business software”. iasme.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the body that arranges the cover, describing its own policy | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field note£320 buys five controls, and £25,000 of cover if you tick the box. | The observation that the controls matter more than the certificate, and that supply-chain contracts will make this compulsory before legislation does, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field note£9.1bn, 12.1 million agreements, and an average of £829. | Financial Conduct Authority, “Motor finance scheme partially suspended”, 2 July 2026: the Upper Tribunal has suspended parts of the scheme on terms agreed with four challengers (Consumer Voice, Volkswagen Financial Services, Mercedes-Benz Financial Services and Crédit Agricole Auto Finance); firms need not “calculate or pay redress, or send communications about compensation owed” on the original timetable, but must still identify complaints, gather commission data and respond to consumers not owed compensation (by 18 November 2026 for agreements from 1 April 2014, 18 January 2027 for earlier ones); hearing listed for “14 to 18 December 2026 or 16 to 26 February 2027”; “If the scheme is upheld, and the judgment isn’t appealed, we expect payments under the scheme to begin in 2027.” fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator on the state of its own scheme | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field note£9.1bn, 12.1 million agreements, and an average of £829. | Financial Conduct Authority, “FCA confirms motor finance redress scheme”, first published 30 March 2026: its timetable overtaken by the suspension above: total cost to firms £9.1 billion, comprising £7.5 billion redress and £1.6 billion non-redress costs; approximately 12.1 million agreements eligible; average redress per agreement £829; scope agreements between 6 April 2007 and 1 November 2024 where commission was payable by the lender to the broker; implementation periods ending 30 June 2026 for agreements from 1 April 2014 onward and 31 August 2026 for earlier agreements; firms then have 3 months to notify complainants and 6 months to contact non-complainants, with consumers having 6 months to respond; “Millions of consumers will be compensated this year, most of the rest by the end of 2027.” The page carries the 2 July notice of the suspension. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own confirmation of its own scheme. The figures stand; the timetable does not | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field note£9.1bn, 12.1 million agreements, and an average of £829. | Policy statement PS26/3, Motor Finance Consumer Redress Scheme, March 2026: the rules themselves. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field note£9.1bn, 12.1 million agreements, and an average of £829. | The reading of the £1.6 billion as the price of records kept for accounting rather than for answering, and the three things to do, are ours. We take no position on whether the scheme is correct. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field note436,000 filed. HMRC expected 864,000. | HMRC, “436,000 sole traders and landlords make their tax digital”, GOV.UK, published 12 August 2026: “More than 436,000 sole traders and landlords have successfully sent their first Making Tax Digital for Income Tax quarterly update”; over 570,000 customers have signed up; the first quarterly update period ran 6 April to 5 July 2026; quarterly updates “are not tax returns; they are short summaries sent through compatible software”; no penalty points for late quarterly updates in 2026 to 2027, and from April 2027 one point per missed deadline with four points triggering a £200 fixed penalty. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the tax authority reporting its own adoption figures | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field note436,000 filed. HMRC expected 864,000. | HMRC, “Act now: 864,000 sole traders and landlords face new tax rules in two months”, GOV.UK, published 5 February 2026: “More than 860,000 sole traders and landlords need to start using digital tax reporting from 6 April”, being those earning more than £50,000 from self-employment and property. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary, but a forecast of scope rather than a count. The comparison between the two releases is ours and its limits are stated in the note | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Sept 2027 |
| Field note436,000 filed. HMRC expected 864,000. | The two figures measure different things (a February forecast of who would need to start against an August count of who had filed) and neither release breaks down how much of the shortfall is exemption, deferral or falling out of scope. We have not estimated it. | a stated limit on the comparison above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteA “last checked” date nobody has to renew is decoration. | The decay register described here is our own, implemented in this repository at notes/freshness.mjs: classes live 30 days, dataset 180, regulatory 180, dated 365, fixed never, with a 30-day grace period after which the build stops rather than warns. | our own system, described as such. The code is the source | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteA “last checked” date nobody has to renew is decoration. | Counts as reported by the build on 23 September 2026: 263 sources (126 fixed, 73 regulatory, 24 dated, 21 dataset, 19 live). These are figures about this site and will change as it does; the source carrying them is classed live for that reason. | our own measurement, on a stated date | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteA “last checked” date nobody has to renew is decoration. | A freshness register detects decay, not error. A source that was wrong when published passes every check. The classes here are ours and are not proposed as correct for anybody else’s figures. | a stated limit on the claims above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteCutting the words in half made the page 58% more usable. | Morkes, J. and Nielsen, J., “Concise, SCANNABLE, and Objective: How to Write for the Web”, Nielsen Norman Group, 1997. Study 3: “51 Web users tested 5 variations of a Web site” in a “5-condition (promotional [control], scannable, concise, objective, or combined) between-subjects design”. Normalised against the control: concise “58% higher in measured usability”, scannable “47% higher”, objective “27% higher”, combined “124% higher measured usability”. Measures were task time, task errors, memory, recall of site structure and subjective satisfaction. nngroup.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the original controlled study, and the source everyone paraphrases without citing | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteCutting the words in half made the page 58% more usable. | Morkes, J. and Nielsen, J., “Applying Writing Guidelines to Web Pages”, Nielsen Norman Group, 6 January 1998: the applied rewrite cut word count to “54% the length of the original version” and split 3 pages into 8 averaging 346 words against 2,232; measured usability “159% better than the original”, task time “80% better”, task errors “809%”, memory “100%”, subjective satisfaction “37%”. Scannability techniques used: bullets, numbered lists, boldface and coloured text to highlight keywords, additional headings and shorter paragraphs. nngroup.com (opens in a new tab) | primary | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteCutting the words in half made the page 58% more usable. | Kara Pernice, “F-Shaped Pattern of Reading on the Web: Misunderstood, But Still Relevant (Even on Mobile)”, Nielsen Norman Group, 12 November 2017: the F-pattern arises with unformatted text, efficiency-seeking users and low motivation; five other scanning patterns (layer-cake, spotted, marking, bypassing, commitment); users “aim to optimize their cost-benefit ratio from their use of the web as a whole”. Eight recommendations including “Include the most important points in the first two paragraphs on the page”, “Start headings and subheadings with the words carrying most information”, and “Cut unnecessary content”. nngroup.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; eye-tracking research, and the correction to the version of this that most people half-remember | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteCutting the words in half made the page 58% more usable. | Our own run: eight of these rules were made a build check on 23 September 2026 and run across 37 articles already shipped. 18 faults found: 9 paragraphs over 90 words, 7 bolded sentences, 2 links reading “here”. All fixed; the check runs on every build and the standard is in WRITING.md in this repository. | first-party, and reproducible: the checker prints the count on every run | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteCutting the words in half made the page 58% more usable. | The percentages are from a 1997 study. We have not found a modern replication and do not claim the exact figures transfer. | a stated limit on the evidence above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEighty-six hours a year chasing money you have already earned. | Small Business Commissioner, “Government consults on measures to tackle late payments and more powers for the Small Business Commissioner”, read 23 September 2026: proposals include “Setting maximum payment terms to 60 days, removing the exemption that allows businesses to agree terms longer than 60 days”, and powers to “investigate businesses, impose fines and make legally binding arbitration” plus spot-checks on payment performance reporting; large companies include headline payment performance in annual reports from January 2026; cited figures of “86 non-productive hours on chasing debt” and “38 small businesses shut up shop every day due to late payment”; the Fair Payment Code launched December 2024 had made “over 333 Fair Payment Code Awards” as at July 2025 (185 Gold, 65 Silver, 85 Bronze). smallbusinesscommissioner.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for the consultation, which the bill below has overtaken. The two headline figures are cited by the Commissioner without a stated method and we could not trace the sample: treat them as advocacy figures from a body whose role is advocacy | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteEighty-six hours a year chasing money you have already earned. | Department for Business and Trade, “Commercial Payments Bill: overview”, published 19 May 2026 and updated 22 September 2026: “imposing maximum payment terms of 60 days, with strictly limited exemptions”; “mandating interest on late payments at 8% above the Bank of England base rate”; “giving suppliers the right to a fixed sum where a purchaser raises a dispute late or without sufficient information”; “prohibiting the deduction and withholding of retention payments under the terms of a construction contract”; the Small Business Commissioner to “investigate larger businesses suspected of persistently engaging in poor payment practices”, “take enforcement action” and “adjudicate contractual payment disputes … and make binding interim decisions”. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own summary of its bill | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteEighty-six hours a year chasing money you have already earned. | UK Parliament, Commercial Payments Bill [HL]: introduced in the House of Lords; amended on report on 15 September 2026 and at third reading there when we read it on 24 September. It has still to pass the Commons. bills.parliament.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the bill’s own record | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteEighty-six hours a year chasing money you have already earned. | The Companies (Directors’ Report) (Payment Reporting) Regulations 2025, SI 2025/1152, made 30 October 2025: in force 1 January 2026, and “have effect in respect of a company’s financial year beginning on or after 1st January 2026”; large companies disclose their standard payment period, average days to pay, and the share and value of payments made late. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulations | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteEighty-six hours a year chasing money you have already earned. | The framing of an undisputed late invoice as an unagreed financing arrangement, and the three things to do, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEleven new duties in fifteen months. Which reach you? | Each row is sourced in its own note on this site, and every one of those carries the primary document: Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 s.80 and SI 2026/82; Acas on the Employment Rights Act 2025; Companies House management information and press releases; FCA PS25/22 on targeted support; FCA good and poor practice on Consumer Duty board reports; HMRC guidance on Making Tax Digital; Pensions Dashboards Programme; European Commission and Bird & Bird on Directive 2019/882; GOV.UK factsheets on the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill; GOV.UK guide to the Renters’ Rights Act; GOV.UK consultation on privately rented home energy performance; ProtectUK on the Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Act 2025. noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary throughout, by way of the individual notes. The grid itself is our arrangement and carries no source of its own | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteEleven new duties in fifteen months. Which reach you? | The grid is incomplete by design: it covers only changes whose primary source we have read. Sector-specific duties, devolved variations and anything we could not source are absent rather than judged irrelevant. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteEleven new duties in fifteen months. Which reach you? | The column headings, the shading, and the claim that three rows reach nearly everybody are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such. Not legal advice | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteFive business rates multipliers, and a relief that became a rate. | Camden Council, “Business rates explained 2026 to 2027”, read 23 September 2026: five multipliers from 1 April 2026 (small business RHL below £51,000 at 38.2p, small business other below £51,000 at 43.2p, standard RHL £51,000 to £499,999 at 43p, standard other £51,000 to £499,999 at 48p, and high value £500,000 and above at 50.8p for all uses). The next revaluation takes effect 1 April 2026 using market values as at 1 April 2024. From 1 April 2026 the retail, hospitality and leisure relief scheme is replaced by two lower multipliers for eligible properties below £500,000 rateable value. camden.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a billing authority publishing the national multipliers it must apply. Authoritative for the figures, not the policy | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFive business rates multipliers, and a relief that became a rate. | England only. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland operate separate systems and none of these figures transfer. Transitional relief, small business rate relief and exemptions are not covered here and can change a bill substantially. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteFive business rates multipliers, and a relief that became a rate. | The observation that moving from a relief to a multiplier converts an annual uncertainty into a fixed input, and the three things to check, are ours. We are not rating surveyors. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteFour missed deadlines cost £200. The free year is 2026-27 only, which is the trap. | HM Revenue & Customs, “Penalties for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax”, published 12 March 2026, last updated 30 March 2026: “There are no penalties for missing a quarterly update deadline for the 2026 to 2027 tax year”; “For each quarterly update (for tax years after 2026 to 2027) or tax return deadline you miss, you’ll get a penalty point”; at the 4-point threshold a “£200 penalty” and a “£200 penalty each time you miss another submission deadline”; below it, each point removed “24 months after the missed deadline”. Late payment for 2026-27: “3% of the tax owed at day 15, and 3% of the tax owed at day 30”, plus “an annual rate of 10% per year on the outstanding amount, charged daily from day 31 until the tax is paid, or for up to 2 years”; for 2027-28, 4% and 4%; in the first year of new penalties, 30 days before penalties apply rather than 15; from April 2027 the new penalties “will apply to everyone who submits a personal Self Assessment tax return”. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the tax authority’s own guidance | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour missed deadlines cost £200. The free year is 2026-27 only, which is the trap. | ICAS, “Making Tax Digital: Penalties”, read 23 September 2026 (the accountancy body’s summary this note was first written from). Its “No penalty points will be issued for late quarterly updates submission for the first year of MTD” is narrower on HMRC’s page, which ties the easement to the 2026-27 tax year. icas.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; superseded here by HMRC’s own guidance above | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour missed deadlines cost £200. The free year is 2026-27 only, which is the trap. | The Finance Act 2021 (Increase in Schedule 26 Penalty Percentages) Regulations 2025, SI 2025/589, made 13 May 2025, in force 31 May 2025: in the late payment penalty rules “for ‘2%’ substitute ‘3%’” and “for ‘4%’ substitute ‘10%’”. The legislation behind the 2026-27 rates; we could not find the instrument behind HMRC’s 4% rates for 2027-28. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour missed deadlines cost £200. The free year is 2026-27 only, which is the trap. | HMRC, “Find out if and when you need to use Making Tax Digital for Income Tax”, last updated 26 March 2026: the thresholds and start dates the penalties attach to. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for scope | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour missed deadlines cost £200. The free year is 2026-27 only, which is the trap. | The argument that the soft landing is where the habit forms, and the operational point for agents, are ours. We are not accountants and this is not tax advice. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteIn November, a name on the register starts meaning something. | Companies House management information: identity verification, April to June 2026, published 30 July 2026. As at 30 June 2026: 4,710,086 director appointments verified, 55.33% of those in scope; at 31 March 2026 the director figure was 32.20% and at 31 December 2025 it was 7.79%. Note 3 records that “the number of verified appointments may not equal the number of verified individuals”; note 4 records the July 2026 restatement that added dormant-company appointments to both sides of the calculation. Published as ODS and XLSX only. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department that runs the register | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteIn November, a name on the register starts meaning something. | Companies House, “Companies House confirms identity verification rollout from 18 November 2025”, 5 August 2025: 6 to 7 million individuals expected to verify by mid-November 2026; it will be an offence to act as a director without being verified once the duty applies. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteIn November, a name on the register starts meaning something. | The observation that the remaining appointments are not a random sample of the first ones, and the three process changes, are ours. We make no forecast of the final figure. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteLetting agents joined the AML register in 2020. Since December, the fees and the threshold both moved. | The Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Amendment) Regulations 2026, SI 2026/621, made 9 June 2026 and in force 21 days later, on 30 June 2026: in regulation 13(4) of the 2017 Regulations, “letting agency work” now applies where the rent “during at least part of the term is, or is equivalent to, a monthly rent of £10,000 or more”, replacing 10,000 euros. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulations as amended | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteLetting agents joined the AML register in 2020. Since December, the fees and the threshold both moved. | HMRC, “Money Laundering Regulations: registration fees”, updated 22 December 2025: “When you first register you must pay a one-off registration fee of £300”; “you must pay £400 for each of the premises you include”; for letting agency businesses and four other sectors, “A non-refundable charge of £40 will apply for each person tested”; the £500 fit and proper test fee applies to money service businesses and trust or company service providers. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the supervisor’s own fee table | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteLetting agents joined the AML register in 2020. Since December, the fees and the threshold both moved. | HMRC, “Anti-money laundering supervision fees: responses and next steps”, 12 November 2025: from 1 December 2025 the premises fee rises from £300 to £400, “broadly in line with inflation since May 2019”; a £300 application fee is reintroduced; the approvals fee stays at £40; the reduced small-business fee rises from £180 to £200, and the application fee is refunded to businesses that qualify for it. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the decision and its reasons | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteLetting agents joined the AML register in 2020. Since December, the fees and the threshold both moved. | HMRC, “Money laundering supervision for letting agency businesses”, last updated 4 April 2023: “Letting agency business were included in the money laundering regulations on 10 January 2020”; register if “you have individual rents that are 10,000 euros or more” and “the rental length is a month or longer”. HMRC’s “Who needs to register” page: “You do not need to register with HMRC … if you’re already supervised by the FCA … or a professional body.” Both pages still give the threshold in euros. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the supervisor’s guidance, not yet updated for the change to sterling | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteLetting agents joined the AML register in 2020. Since December, the fees and the threshold both moved. | The duties described (customer due diligence, written risk assessment, record keeping, training, a named officer) are the standard obligations of AML supervision rather than figures from the sources above. | general regulatory background, stated without a specific citation because it is not a specific claim | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteLetting agents joined the AML register in 2020. Since December, the fees and the threshold both moved. | The three practical points, the reading that a letting between the two thresholds fell out of scope, and the argument for one record system rather than two, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such. Not regulatory advice | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteOn one day, every tenancy in England changed at once. | GOV.UK, “Guide to the Renters’ Rights Act”, published 6 November 2025, before the start date was set: Royal Assent 27 October 2025; the new system introduced “in one stage”, with “all private tenancies - existing tenancies will convert to the new system”; section 21 abolished and replaced by specified grounds; notice periods of 4 months, 2 months, 2 weeks and immediate by ground; annual rent increase to market rate by statutory notice, with tenants never paying “more than what the landlord asked for”, no backdating, and tribunal power to defer by up to 2 months for hardship; Decent Homes Standard consultation ran 2 July to 10 September 2025; the ombudsman service “will be introduced as soon as possible after Royal Assent”; landlords may not unreasonably refuse a pet request. It records that a separate implementation timeline was published on 13 November 2025. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own guide to its own Act | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOn one day, every tenancy in England changed at once. | GOV.UK, “When will the Renters’ Right Act come into force?” (the title as published), press release, Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, 30 April 2026: “On 1 May 2026, new laws kicked in to give 11 million renters stronger rights”; section 21 banned, all private tenancies periodic, rent rises once a year, no bidding above the advertised rent, one month’s rent upfront at most, pets to be reasonably considered; “From late 2026 onwards, phase 2 of the Renters’ Rights Act will begin”, with the database “rolled out gradually by area from late 2026” and a Private Landlord Ombudsman; a Decent Homes Standard for private rentals “by 2035”, EPC C by 2030 unless exempt, and a consultation on extending Awaab’s Law. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOn one day, every tenancy in England changed at once. | GOV.UK, “Stronger protections and greater confidence for renters”, press release, 9 September 2026: the landlord registration service “will launch on 15 December 2026, starting in the West Midlands and onto other areas over 12 months”; “All landlords actively letting property will need to have registered by 14 November 2027.” gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOn one day, every tenancy in England changed at once. | GOV.UK, “Implementing the Renters’ Rights Act 2025: our roadmap for reforming the private rented sector”, 13 November 2025: ombudsman membership (“we expect this to be in 2028”). gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own roadmap | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOn one day, every tenancy in England changed at once. | The reading that the single-stage conversion turns this into an evidence problem rather than a legal one, and the things to do now, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such. Not legal advice | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteOnly 29% of firms tested what their product does to a vulnerable customer. | Financial Conduct Authority, “Delivering good outcomes for customers in vulnerable circumstances: good practice and areas for improvement”, published 7 March 2025. 725 firms surveyed; 29 firms in multi-firm outcomes monitoring work; 7 retail banks and building societies examined on power of attorney and bereavement journeys. “Just over half (54%) of respondent firms who told us they have training in place for non-frontline staff answered that training or internal guidance for those staff included how vulnerability is relevant to their specific role”; “only 29% said they tested the impact a product or service has on customers with characteristics of vulnerability”; “Most firms in our multi-firm work into outcomes monitoring were unable to show how they effectively monitor and take action on outcomes”. Customer figures: 61% of vulnerable customers felt suitable contact methods existed against 72% of other customers; 49% of consumers with poor health agreed suitable products were easy to find, “compared to 75% of consumers not in vulnerable circumstances”; about 4 in 10 consumers with vulnerability characteristics disclosed to providers; 19% felt providers encouraged disclosure. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own multi-firm review. The firm-behaviour figures are self-reported by the firms surveyed | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOnly 29% of firms tested what their product does to a vulnerable customer. | The division of the figures into firm decisions and customer consequences, the reading of the 19%, and the four things to do are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field notePurchase approvals fell. Remortgaging did not. That is your July. | Bank of England, “Money and Credit: July 2026”, published 1 September 2026: “Net borrowing of mortgage debt by individuals decreased to £4.3 billion in July, from £7.7 billion in June”; approvals for house purchase “decreased to 56,100 in July, from 58,200 in June”; approvals for remortgaging “increased to 34,500 in July, from 34,100 in June”; “The ‘effective’ interest rate on newly drawn mortgages increased to 4.45% in July, from 4.35% in June”; net consumer credit borrowing “increased slightly to £2.0 billion from £1.9 billion in June”. bankofengland.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the central bank’s own monthly statistical release. Monthly series and subject to revision | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field notePurchase approvals fell. Remortgaging did not. That is your July. | Nivo, research published 7 May 2026, more than 70 specialist lenders and brokers, reported by Mortgage Solutions: for a typical secured loan case, 15 to 20 rounds of messages and upwards of five hours of admin on the broker-to-lender leg; 35% of cases requiring corrections. mortgagesolutions.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | vendor research with a named method and sample, used here for the cost of a case rather than for market direction | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field notePurchase approvals fell. Remortgaging did not. That is your July. | The reading that purchase business can be postponed and maturity business cannot, and the conclusion about throughput, are ours. The Bank publishes the numbers and draws no such conclusion. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteRanking job applicants is on the EU’s high-risk list. Most firms do it. | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 80, “Automated decision-making”, substituting Article 22 of the UK GDPR with Articles 22A (automated processing and significant decisions), 22B (restrictions, including for special category data), 22C (safeguards: information, representations, human intervention, contest) and 22D. Brought into force 5 February 2026 by SI 2026/82 regulation 2. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation and its commencement instrument | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteRanking job applicants is on the EU’s high-risk list. Most firms do it. | European Commission, “AI Omnibus enters into force”, 27 July 2026: Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 in force from 27 July 2026; rules for high-risk AI systems in Annex III (a list of uses that includes recruitment and creditworthiness assessment) apply from 2 December 2027. Until 24 September 2026 this note cited a law firm’s reading of the May provisional agreement, as if it had not been adopted. digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Commission, on the regulation as adopted | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteRanking job applicants is on the EU’s high-risk list. Most firms do it. | The four questions written as a recruitment process, the override-rate test, and the observation that special category data arrives by inference rather than entry are ours. Whether a particular system decides “solely” by automated means is a legal judgement we are not making. | our own argument, labelled as such. Not legal advice | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteSearch referrals to finance content fell 23% in one quarter. | Press Gazette, comment by Richard Reeves, managing director of the Association of Online Publishers, 20 July 2026, describing a study the AOP commissioned from DJB Strategies: “six months of traffic analysis across eight major UK publishing groups totalling 10.8 billion pageviews”, alongside a separate survey of consumer awareness and use of AI tools “conducted by Ipsos”: organic Google Search referrals fell 7.1% across participants; news publishers declined about 5% quarterly and the consumer and B2B segment 18%; by topic, technology 28%, finance and business 23%, guide and how-to content over 20%, politics 7%, product reviews 1%; opinion and commentary rose 4% and interviews 1%. If the trajectory continues, “pageviews delivered by Google will be cut in half by Q3 2027”. The decline is attributed to expanded AI Overviews in Q2 2025 and to AI Mode turning Search into a destination. pressgazette.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; the commissioning trade body’s own account of its study, in a comment piece. The participant set is eight publishing groups, not a random sample, and the 2027 figure is a projection rather than a measurement | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteSearch referrals to finance content fell 23% in one quarter. | The reading that the sorting is by replaceability rather than by quality, and the three kinds of content that survive it, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTen per cent busier, and the wait more than doubles. | The result quoted is the standard single-server queue with random (Poisson) arrivals and exponential service times, in which the mean number waiting scales as ρ/(1−ρ). It is a textbook result, not a finding of ours. | established theory, stated as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTen per cent busier, and the wait more than doubles. | We checked it rather than quoting it. A discrete-event simulation of 400,000 arrivals at each load, run on 23 September 2026, returned mean waits of 1.00 at ρ=0.5 (theory 1.00), 2.34 at 0.7 (2.33), 4.00 at 0.8 (4.00), 5.68 at 0.85 (5.67), 9.05 at 0.9 (9.00) and 19.89 at 0.95 (19.00). The widening gap at 0.95 is sampling variance, which is itself part of the argument. | our own run, reported with its method and its date | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTen per cent busier, and the wait more than doubles. | The clean formula assumes one server, random arrivals and random job lengths. Multi-server queues behave better, and queues where customers abandon behave differently again. The numbers are the shape, not a forecast. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe CMA fined £4.7m in its first year of deciding for itself. | Competition and Markets Authority, “Direct consumer enforcement: one year on”, published 17 April 2026 on the CMA blog. April 2025 to April 2026: investigations opened into 14 businesses; 2 settlements; £760,000 in consumer refunds ordered; £4.7 million in fines; 157 advisory and warning letters; 46 information notices. Focus areas: drip pricing, fake reviews and online choice architecture. Named case: the AA Driving School and BSM Driving School, owned by Automobile Association Developments Limited, settled on drip pricing, with the AA “fined £4.2 million” and refunding “over £760,000 to affected learner drivers”. Fake reviews: advisory letters to 54 review publishers, with “90% of the businesses we contacted then took action”, and investigations opened into 5 companies. Compliance expectations quoted: avoid “hidden, ‘dripped’ or unlawful partitioned pricing”; have “robust policies in place so reviews give consumers an honest picture”. competitionandmarkets.blog.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own account of its own first year, which is a statement of priorities rather than a neutral survey | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe CMA fined £4.7m in its first year of deciding for itself. | The observation that the letters matter more than the fines, and that two of the three focus areas are now decisions software makes, are ours. This is not legal advice on any particular pricing practice. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe FCA is testing AI with fifteen named firms, in public. | Financial Conduct Authority, “FCA announces second cohort for AI Live Testing”. Eight firms selected: Aereve, Coadjute, Barclays, Experian, Go-Cardless, Lloyds Banking Group (Scottish Widows), UBS and Palindrome. Applications opened January 2026; testing began April 2026; testing concludes at the end of 2026; evaluation report to be published in Q1 2027. Use cases span “agentic AI and small language models to emerging solutions such as neurosymbolic AI”, covering “AI-enabled targeted support for investments, credit score insights for consumers, agentic payments, anti-money laundering detection, and Know Your Customer”. Delivered with partner Advai. In the release’s own words, the initiative helps applicants “explore key questions around risk management and live monitoring to support the responsible deployment of AI for consumers and markets”; Jessica Rusu, quoted separately, refers to “tailored support from the FCA and Advai”. Published 21 April 2026. First cohort: Gain Credit, Homeprotect (Avantia Group), NatWest, Monzo, Santander, Scottish Widows (Lloyds Banking Group) and Snorkl. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own announcement of its own programme | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThe FCA is testing AI with fifteen named firms, in public. | The reading that the programme is about supervision rather than capability, and the three things to take from it without applying, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe FCA read 180 board reports. Here is what it said was missing. | Financial Conduct Authority, “Consumer Duty board reports: good practice and areas for improvement”, published 11 December 2024. 180 firms reviewed across retail banking, wholesale, insurance, payments, consumer investments and consumer finance, including 55 smaller firms, some with fewer than 10 employees. Five areas of good practice: clear outcomes focus, good quality data, analysis of different customer types, clear production processes, culture focus. Five areas for improvement, quoted: firms that “did not have sufficient data quality to justify conclusions or to give governing bodies adequate assurance”; reports that “did not contain evidence that an appropriate amount and types of information have been shared between the firm and third parties”; firms that “did not evidence that adequate consideration had been given to outcomes for different groups of customers, including those with characteristics of vulnerability”; cases where “it was not always evident that there had been effective challenge from firms’ governing bodies”; and action plans “not accompanied by further details such as timescales, action owners, and clarity on data”. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own review of its own requirement | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe FCA read 180 board reports. Here is what it said was missing. | Financial Conduct Authority, Jonathan Pearson, Head of Consumer Policy, “Year 2 Consumer Duty board reports: progress and what comes next”, blog, 16 April 2026: “80 second year reports” reviewed; improvements in governance, action plans and the range of data; still to improve (“Some firms presented extensive data without sufficiently explaining how it demonstrated good or poor outcomes”, “Monitoring of outcomes in distribution chains was often weak”, “Many did not adequately document the challenge they had provided”, and some reports “focused more heavily on products, services and value than on customer understanding and support”); “We plan to consult on changes to rules and guidance relating to distribution chains this year”. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own follow-up to its own review | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThe FCA read 180 board reports. Here is what it said was missing. | The observation that four of the five criticisms are evidence problems rather than writing problems, and the four questions, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe fraud rule that covers 99.8% of claims, and splits the bill. | Payment Systems Regulator, “PS24/7 Faster Payments APP scams reimbursement requirement: Confirming the maximum level of reimbursement”, published 2 October 2024, applying from 7 October 2024. Maximum reimbursement confirmed at £85,000 per claim; the PSR states this level means “99.8% of all Faster Payments APP scams by volume, and 90% by value, are fully reimbursed”. The Bank of England set the same limit for CHAPS APP scams for consistency. psr.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own policy statement. The coverage percentages describe the claim mix at that time | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe fraud rule that covers 99.8% of claims, and splits the bill. | Payment Systems Regulator, announcement confirming the requirements: “Both sending and receiving firms splitting the costs of reimbursement 50:50”; “Most APP fraud victims being reimbursed within five business days”. UK Finance figures cited alongside put APP fraud losses at £485.2 million in 2022. psr.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for the regime’s design; the 2022 loss figure is UK Finance’s and is superseded below | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThe fraud rule that covers 99.8% of claims, and splits the bill. | Payment Systems Regulator, “Payment fraud falls by £73m following PSR reimbursement scheme”, 1 July 2026: an independent third-party evaluation estimates APP losses fell by about £73 million a year, around 21%, and nearly 35,000 fewer scams; reimbursement rates rose from 54% to 65%, and firms reimburse 97% of in-scope claims; a consultation “before the end of the year”. psr.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator publishing an evaluation it commissioned. The fall is an estimate against what would otherwise have happened | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThe fraud rule that covers 99.8% of claims, and splits the bill. | Payment Systems Regulator, APP scams reimbursement dashboard, Q1 2026, updated 30 July 2026: “82% of claims in Q1 2026 were resolved within five days”; “The percentage of claims value reimbursed in Q1 2026 returned to 89% and reimbursement value has reached £72.6 million”; 86,500 claims in scope, about 58,400 of them reimbursable. psr.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own quarterly data | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteThe fraud rule that covers 99.8% of claims, and splits the bill. | UK Finance, Annual Fraud Report 2026, press release of 15 June 2026: in 2025 “APP fraud losses rose sharply to £576.4 million (up 19 per cent)”, across “248,070 cases” (up 7%); £354.3 million, 61% of losses, was returned to victims. ukfinance.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary for the regime, primary for its members’ own totals; every APP loss, not only those within the reimbursement rule | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThe fraud rule that covers 99.8% of claims, and splits the bill. | The principle that liability belongs where the evidence lives, and the point about the boundary between being defrauded and being badly advised, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe levy you do not pay just changed what an apprentice costs you. | Department for Education, “Apprenticeship funding”, for new starts from 1 August 2026, read 24 September 2026: for employers who do not pay the levy and levy payers who exhaust their funds, government funds all training and assessment costs, up to the funding band, for apprentices “aged between 16 and 24 years old” at the start; at 25 or over, government contributes “95%” for employers who do not pay the levy and “75%” for levy employers who exhaust their funds; the 10% top-up removed and levy funds expiring “after 12 months (this was previously 24 months)”; non-levy employers receive “a hiring payment of up to £2,000 (paid in instalments)” for apprentices aged 16 to 24 with a practical period starting from 1 October 2026. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s funding rules | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe levy you do not pay just changed what an apprentice costs you. | Department for Education, “Growth and Skills Levy”, find-employer-schemes.education.gov.uk, read 23 and 24 September 2026: “UK employers with an annual pay bill of over £3 million pay the levy at 0.5%”; funding covers apprenticeships at all levels, foundation apprenticeships for ages 16 to 24 and apprenticeship units for workers 19+. Its 0% and 25% rates are what a levy payer pays “When your levy funds run out”. Level 7 apprenticeships limited from 1 January 2026 to ages 16 to 21, and under 25 for care leavers and those with an education, health and care plan; “Funding will be withdrawn from 16 apprenticeship standards from September 2026.” find-employer-schemes.education.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own employer-facing scheme page | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe levy you do not pay just changed what an apprentice costs you. | England position. Skills policy is devolved and the figures above do not transfer to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe levy you do not pay just changed what an apprentice costs you. | The reading of the age split as a change in the relative price of two responses to the same skills gap, and the point that supervision never appears in a funding table, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe Ombudsman took 53,600 cases in a quarter. A quarter of them stuck. | Financial Ombudsman Service, “Financial Ombudsman received 53,600 cases in the first quarter of 2026/27”, published 22 July 2026. 53,600 complaints in Q1 2026/27 (April to June 2026), against 68,000 in the same quarter the previous year when motor finance commission cases inflated volumes. Top five products: current accounts 8,900; credit cards 5,800; hire purchase 5,600; car or motorcycle insurance 4,100; electronic money 2,300. Professional representatives 1,800 cases, 3% of caseload; all representatives 10% of referrals, down from 45% the previous year. Uphold rate 26% overall, 30% excluding motor finance commission cases. financial-ombudsman.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Ombudsman’s own quarterly data. One quarter, distorted at both ends by motor finance | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteThe Ombudsman took 53,600 cases in a quarter. A quarter of them stuck. | The reading that the fall in representation makes the data more informative, and the suggestion that a firm should ask what its own uphold rate would have been, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe Online Safety Act applies to all sizes. Including yours. | House of Commons Library, research briefing on implementation of the Online Safety Act (CDP-2025-0043). Duties: services must “implement measures to reduce the risk of their services being used for illegal activity” and remove illegal content; child protection duties including preventing access to age-inappropriate material and transparent risk assessments; the “triple shield” for adults. Scope: “all regulated user-to-user and search services” regardless of size, with additional duties for categorised services, as follows: Category 1 where monthly active UK users “exceeds 34 million” with a content recommender, or exceeds 7 million with a recommender and content-sharing; Category 2A search engines where it “exceeds 7 million”, excluding vertical search; Category 2B user-to-user services where it “exceeds 3 million” with direct messaging. Dates: children’s access assessments due 16 April 2025; age assurance for pornography services and children’s risk assessments July 2025; full implementation expected through 2026. Penalties up to “£18 million, or 10% of their global revenue (whichever is greater)”. commonslibrary.parliament.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for practical purposes; a parliamentary research briefing, which is neutral and sourced but is not the Act or Ofcom’s codes | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe Online Safety Act applies to all sizes. Including yours. | The exclusions from scope, and whether a particular feature makes a service regulated, are legal questions we are not answering. We have not set out the carve-outs. | a stated limit on this note | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe Online Safety Act applies to all sizes. Including yours. | The three questions, and the reading that scope is a question of function rather than size, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such. Not legal advice | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe spending cap on a rented home goes from £3,500 to £10,000. | GOV.UK, “Improving the energy performance of privately rented homes: government response”, 21 January 2026: “The legislative changes set out in this document will be subject to Parliamentary approval.” A primary standard against the fabric performance metric on new EPCs and a secondary standard against either the smart readiness or the heating system metric, at the landlord’s discretion; landlords “in no circumstances required to replace working heating systems with heat pumps”; “government will proceed with raising the maximum spend required of landlords to meet the standard to £10,000 per property, rather than the option of £15,000 proposed in the consultation”, covering both metrics, with the cost of EPCs counting towards the cap and a 10-year exemption if the standard is not met; an estimated average spend of £5,400; “Instead of the phased implementation approach proposed in the consultation, government will proceed with a single compliance date of 1 October 2030”; homes graded C or above against the Energy Efficiency Rating on EPCs before 1 October 2029 compliant until the EPC expires. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s decision on its own consultation. Not yet law | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe spending cap on a rented home goes from £3,500 to £10,000. | GOV.UK, “Improving the energy performance of privately rented homes: consultation document”, 2025 (the proposal the response settled: a fabric standard and a secondary standard, new tenancies from 2028 and all tenancies by 2030, and a cap under which the government “is minded to require landlords to invest a maximum of £15,000 inclusive of VAT per property”, with average costs of £6,100 to £6,800); the current standard is EPC E with a maximum required investment of £3,500. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the consultation, superseded by the response above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe spending cap on a rented home goes from £3,500 to £10,000. | The reading that the early route through an old-style C may be the cheapest for a home already near it, and the four things to do, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such. Not advice on a specific property | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe UK’s AI rulebook has an author now, and it is the ICO. | The Data Protection Act 2018 (Code of Practice on Artificial Intelligence and Automated Decision-Making) Regulations 2026, SI 2026/425. Made 16 April 2026, laid before Parliament 21 April 2026, in force 12 May 2026. They require the Information Commissioner to “prepare an appropriate code of practice giving guidance as to good practice in the processing of personal data” in relation to AI development and automated decision-making, and to address the processing of children’s personal data. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the statutory instrument itself | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe UK’s AI rulebook has an author now, and it is the ICO. | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 80, substituting Articles 22A to 22D of the UK GDPR, in force 5 February 2026 by SI 2026/82: the duties the forthcoming code will explain. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe UK’s AI rulebook has an author now, and it is the ICO. | The reading that the duties arrived before the guidance and that this makes recorded design reasoning valuable is ours. The code has not been published and we make no claim about what it will say. | our own argument, labelled as such, with the limit stated | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThirty days is already in the contract. You did not negotiate it. | Procurement Act 2023, section 68 (terms implied into public contracts), legislation.gov.uk, read 23 September 2026. s.68(2): payment “before the end of the period of 30 days beginning with, (a) the day on which an invoice is received by the contracting authority in respect of the sum, or (b) if later, the day on which the payment falls due in accordance with the invoice.” s.68(3): the term “does not apply if the contracting authority, (a) considers the invoice invalid, or (b) disputes the invoice.” s.68(4): the authority “must notify the payee without undue delay” in either case. s.68(1) excludes concession contracts, utilities contracts awarded by private utilities, and contracts awarded by schools. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the statute itself | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThirty days is already in the contract. You did not negotiate it. | Charles Russell Speechlys, “Payment Practices: the latest developments on reporting and late payments”, read 23 September 2026: notes the Procurement Act 2023 requirement for public sector suppliers to achieve a 45-day average payment time and 95% of payments within 60 days, and a proposed 60-day maximum payment cap. charlesrussellspeechlys.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a law firm’s summary. We have reported the 45-day and 95% figures as the reported standard rather than as statute, because we have not verified them against the underlying procurement policy note | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThirty days is already in the contract. You did not negotiate it. | This covers the implied term only. The notified sums and pay-less notice regime that applies to construction contracts operates separately and is not addressed here. We are not lawyers. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThirty employers, sixteen letters, and three things they were told. | Information Commissioner’s Office, “Automated decisions can streamline the hiring process, with the right safeguards in place”, ico.org.uk, published 31 March 2026: engagement with more than 30 employers over the last year; 16 organisations written to with recommendations; nearly 300 recommendations made to AI tool providers and developers in 2024 audits. Expectations named: proactively monitor for bias (“Good practice also includes asking developers about their own bias testing when procuring tools and considering monthly bias reviews”); be transparent with jobseekers by explaining if and how automated decision-making is used; and explain rights to recourse, including how to challenge a decision and request human review. Quoted: “Being transparent about how you are using AI and automation in your recruitment processes gives people confidence.” ico.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator reporting its own activity | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThirty employers, sixteen letters, and three things they were told. | The release does not name the employers, the tools or the recommendations, and it reports engagement rather than enforcement. We have not inferred enforcement risk from it. Figures are as at 31 March 2026. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThirty employers, sixteen letters, and three things they were told. | The reading of “roughly half received letters” as evidence the problems were not hard to find, and the suggestion that ICO audit findings are a fair procurement question, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThis site refuses to build when one of its own figures goes stale. | Our own implementation, notes/freshness.mjs in this repository, read 23 September 2026. Cadence by volatility class: live 30 days, dataset 180, regulatory 180, dated 365, fixed null. GRACE_DAYS = 30: the report prints from the first day overdue and the build stops beyond the grace. An unknown volatility class throws. A source with no class is treated as dated, which is the conservative default. `nextCheck` renders the next due date on each page. The count of sources on this page is written by the build, not typed, so it moves when the site does. | first-party and reproducible: the file is in this repository and the build prints the totals on every run | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThis site refuses to build when one of its own figures goes stale. | The expiry mechanism for predictions is separate from cadence: a forecast carries the date on which it stops being a forecast, and reaching it is treated more severely than going stale. | first-party; our own design decision, described rather than claimed as best practice | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThis site refuses to build when one of its own figures goes stale. | The 1,445% multi-agent claim we struck was not stale: it was misdescribed on the day it was published: Gartner’s count of inquiries over five quarters, written as a year of demand. No re-check cadence would have caught it; reading the source did. (We first recorded it as misattributed; that was corrected on 24 September 2026, when re-reading found the Gartner page our first search missed.) noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | first-party, and the limit on everything above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThree quarters of UK businesses employ nobody at all. | Department for Business and Trade, “Business population estimates for the UK and regions 2025: statistical release”, 2 October 2025, figures as at the start of 2025: 5.7 million private sector businesses (5,690,265); 4.3 million (75%) with no employees (4,272,535 in its Table C) and 1.4 million with employees; 1,150,875 with 1 to 9 employees and 220,085 with 10 to 49; 5.64 million small (0 to 49); 38,435 medium (50 to 249); 8,335 large (250+); SMEs 16.9 million jobs (60%) and £2.8 trillion turnover (51%); large businesses 11.2 million (40%) and £2.7 trillion (49%). The release rounds all its figures, and says the next edition is scheduled for autumn 2026. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own official statistical release | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThree quarters of UK businesses employ nobody at all. | Our arithmetic from the figures above: 1,370,960 businesses with 1 to 49 employees is 1,150,875 plus 220,085; 46,770 with fifty or more is 38,435 plus 8,335, which is 0.82% of the total; about £241,000 of turnover per person employed in large businesses is £2.7 trillion over 11.2 million, and about £166,000 in SMEs is £2.8 trillion over 16.9 million. | our sums and divisions of published figures, stated so they are not mistaken for source figures | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThree quarters of UK businesses employ nobody at all. | The reading that most business technology advice is written for the 46,770 and read by the 5.7 million, and the three assumptions that do not survive, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwo employment changes already landed. The big one is January 2027. | Acas, “Employment Rights Act 2025”, read 23 September 2026. From 6 April 2026: “Statutory sick pay is paid from the first day of illness, instead of the fourth day”, with the earnings threshold eliminated; paternity and parental leave available “from the first day of employment”. From 1 January 2027: dismissal and rehire “automatically unfair dismissal in most cases”; the unfair dismissal qualifying period reduces from two years to six months, “protection from unfair dismissal was expected to become a right from the first day of employment. The government changed this to a 6-month qualifying period.” Zero-hours entitlements to guaranteed hours, compensation for cancelled shifts and “reasonable notice of shifts and changes to shifts” during 2027. Flexible working changes require employers to give business reasons for refusal and explain why refusal is reasonable. Acas records that implementation of several measures “is subject to government consultations”. acas.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for practical purposes; Acas is the statutory advisory body and this is its own summary. The legislation itself is the ultimate source | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTwo employment changes already landed. The big one is January 2027. | The observation that a six-month threshold collides with the probation review, and the three things to do, are ours. This note is not employment law advice. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwo hundred people is where a new duty starts. | ProtectUK (Counter Terrorism Policing), “Martyn’s Law overview and what you need to know”, read 23 September 2026: standard tier 200 to 799 individuals, enhanced tier 800 and above; standard tier duties are to “notify the regulator, the Security Industry Authority (SIA), of their premises” and implement “appropriate public protection procedures”, with no physical security measures mandated; enhanced tier adds documenting and submitting procedures and implementing “appropriate measures” where “reasonably practicable”; Royal Assent April 2025 with the government intending “at least 24 months following Royal Assent” before requirements take effect; the SIA is the regulator. protectuk.police.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for practical purposes; the official counter-terrorism policing guidance portal. The Act itself is the ultimate source | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTwo hundred people is where a new duty starts. | Security Industry Authority, “Understanding Martyn’s Law and the SIA’s role as regulator”, published 17 July 2026 and updated 14 September 2026: “It is expected that the Act will come into force in spring 2027”; “From early 2027, we’ll be inviting volunteers to help us test the portal before we launch it.” No commencement date had been set when we read it on 24 September 2026. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own guidance. An expectation, not a commencement order | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteTwo hundred people is where a new duty starts. | The observation that standard tier is a training duty rather than a capital one, and the three things to do, are ours. This is not legal advice on a specific premises. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwo of three, and you have a criminal offence to defend. | Wiggin LLP, “Failure to prevent fraud: new law comes into force”, 1 September 2025, re-read 24 September 2026: the offence came into force 1 September 2025; “large organisation” means meeting two of three criteria (turnover over £36m, balance sheet total over £18m, or more than 250 employees); the offence arises where an associated person commits a specified fraud intending to benefit the organisation; the defence is reasonable fraud prevention procedures, assessed against six Home Office principles (top level commitment, risk assessments, proportionate risk-based prevention procedures, due diligence, communication and training, and monitoring and review). wiggin.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a law firm’s summary of the offence and the guidance. Authoritative on the thresholds and the six principles, not a substitute for the statute | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTwo of three, and you have a criminal offence to defend. | The offence was introduced by the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023. The schedule of specified base offences is not reproduced here and whether a given incident falls within it is a legal question. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwo of three, and you have a criminal offence to defend. | The observation that four of the six principles are documentation and two must produce a dated artefact on a recurring basis, and the point about systems that generate output on the organisation’s behalf, are ours. We are not lawyers. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwo thirds of bank branches have closed. The rule that replaced them. | Cash Access UK, home page, read 24 September 2026: “We currently have 237 banking hubs and over 140 deposit services open across the country”. cashaccess.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the company that delivers the hubs, counting its own | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteTwo thirds of bank branches have closed. The rule that replaced them. | House of Commons Library, “Access to cash and banking services” research briefing CBP-9453, read 23 September 2026: “Around 6,700 bank and building society branches have closed since January 2015 in the UK. This is equivalent to 68% of branches that were open in January 2015”; “The number of ATMs has also fallen, by 40% since 2015”; 225 operational banking hubs as of March 2026; cash was 9% of all payments in 2024; 5% of UK adults were heavy cash users, rising to 24% among the digitally excluded; approximately 11,700 post offices in 2025. The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 gave the FCA responsibility for cash access, and the rules “came into effect in September 2024”, requiring that “banks must not close services unless they have assessed the area and found that the closure would not impact withdrawal and deposit services.” commonslibrary.parliament.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for practical purposes; a parliamentary research briefing, neutral and sourced, though not itself the underlying statistics. Last updated 8 July 2026 when we re-read it | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTwo thirds of bank branches have closed. The rule that replaced them. | The reading that a service used by 5% of people and 24% of those without an alternative is concentrated rather than minor, and the three reasons a professional firm should care, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWhat a regulator does in its first year with a new power. | Competition and Markets Authority, “Direct consumer enforcement: one year on”, 17 April 2026: April 2025 to April 2026 (investigations into 14 businesses, 2 settlements, £760,000 in consumer refunds, £4.7 million in fines, 157 advisory and warning letters, 46 information notices); on fake reviews, advisory letters to 54 review publishers with “90% of the businesses we contacted then took action” and investigations opened into 5; the AA fined £4.2 million in a drip pricing settlement. competitionandmarkets.blog.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own account of its own first year, which is a statement of priorities rather than a neutral survey | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWhat a regulator does in its first year with a new power. | One regulator, one year, one set of powers. The pattern drawn from it is a hypothesis about how new powers get used, not a finding, and we present it as the only worked example available rather than as a law. | a stated limit on the argument above, and the main weakness of this note | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWhat a regulator does in its first year with a new power. | The three regimes named are sourced in their own notes: ProtectUK and the Security Industry Authority on the Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Act 2025; GOV.UK factsheets on the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill; SI 2026/425 on the ICO’s code of practice duty. | primary, by way of the individual notes | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWhat actually happens to a complaint, stage by stage. | Financial Ombudsman Service, “Financial Ombudsman received 53,600 cases in the first quarter of 2026/27”, published 22 July 2026: 53,600 complaints in Q1 2026/27 against 68,000 a year earlier; uphold rate 26% overall and 30% excluding motor finance commission cases; professional representatives 1,800 cases (3% of caseload) and all representatives 10% of referrals, down from 45%; top products current accounts 8,900, credit cards 5,800, hire purchase 5,600, car or motorcycle insurance 4,100, electronic money 2,300. financial-ombudsman.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Ombudsman’s own quarterly data. One quarter, distorted at both ends by motor finance | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteWhat actually happens to a complaint, stage by stage. | The eight-week figure in the diagram is the standard period a firm has to issue a final response before a complainant may refer the case, and is regulatory background rather than a figure from the release above. | general regulatory background, stated without a specific citation because it is not a specific claim | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWhat actually happens to a complaint, stage by stage. | The reading of the uphold rate as a statistic about firms, and the three process changes, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYou do not have to turn over every stone. You do have to say why. | Ashfords LLP, “The Data (Use and Access) Act: changes for data subject access requests”, read 23 September 2026: controllers have one calendar month to respond, extendable by two further months for complex requests, running from receipt or from verification of identity; the Act codifies a “stop the clock” provision which “pauses the timeframe for a response whilst the data controller seeks further clarification on the scope of the data subject access request from the data subject”; and controllers “are not required to conduct an exhaustive search for responsive data, leaving no stone unturned, but rather to make reasonable efforts”, judged against factors including volume, circumstances, difficulty of locating the data, the nature of the business and available resources. It dates the change to early February 2026, which is when section 76 started; section 78 has applied since Royal Assent. ashfords.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a law firm’s summary, used here for the factors only. For the wording and the dates, the Act governs | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYou do not have to turn over every stone. You do have to say why. | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 78, “Searches in response to data subjects’ requests”: the data subject “is only entitled to such confirmation, personal data and other information as the controller is able to provide based on a reasonable and proportionate search”; subsection (5): “The amendments made by this section are to be treated as having come into force on 1 January 2024.” In force on Royal Assent, 19 June 2025. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the statute | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYou do not have to turn over every stone. You do have to say why. | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 76, “Time limits for responding to data subjects’ requests”: the clock pauses from when the controller asks for information it reasonably needs to identify the data or processing concerned until the data subject provides it, and the period can be extended by two further months for complexity or number of requests. In force 5 February 2026, by the Commencement No. 6 Regulations 2026. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the statute and its commencement | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYou do not have to turn over every stone. You do have to say why. | The subject access exemptions (third party data, legal privilege, negotiations, management forecasting) are unchanged and are not covered here. Nor are the Act’s other commenced provisions. We are not lawyers. | a stated limit on the coverage above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYou do not have to turn over every stone. You do have to say why. | The argument that a relaxed standard produces more record-keeping rather than less, and the four fields and a timestamp, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYour old website is still in Google, and it is sending people nowhere. | Google Search Console notification received for www.noxia.co.uk on 20 September 2026, reason “Page with redirect”. Our own report, on our own site. | first-party; the email that prompted this note | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteYour old website is still in Google, and it is sending people nowhere. | Our own check, run 22 September 2026: all 64 URLs in this site’s sitemap tested against all 23 redirect rules then configured in vercel.json. Zero matches. The rules were subsequently replaced with 22 topic-routed rules covering 20 destinations, generated from notes/retired-urls.mjs, and test/pages.js now fails the build if any redirect destination does not ship, if any rule matches a page the site serves, or if any rule matches a sitemap URL. Both failure modes were tested by deliberately breaking them. | first-party and reproducible: the checks are in this repository and run on every build | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYour old website is still in Google, and it is sending people nowhere. | The two-column test for reading the report, and the keyword-routing approach for when the old URL list is unavailable, are ours. Google does not recommend either. | our own argument, labelled as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYour payment record now goes in the directors’ report. | The Companies (Directors’ Report) (Payment Reporting) Regulations 2025, SI 2025/1152, legislation.gov.uk, read 23 September 2026: in force 1 January 2026 and having effect “in respect of a company’s financial year beginning on or after 1st January 2026”. Required disclosures include the payment period specified in the company’s standard payment terms in its qualifying contracts, details of variations and supplier notification, “the average number of days taken to make such payments”, and the percentage and sum total of payments made within days 1 to 30, 31 to 60 and day 61 onwards, together with the percentage not made within the payment period. Medium-sized companies and a company’s first financial year are exempt. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the statutory instrument itself | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYour payment record now goes in the directors’ report. | Charles Russell Speechlys, “Payment Practices: the latest developments on reporting and late payments”, read 23 September 2026: “from 1 January 2026, large companies must include payment practices disclosures in their Directors’ Reports for financial years beginning on or after that date”; medium-sized companies and companies in their first financial year are exempt. Also notes a proposed 60-day maximum payment cap, which we have not treated as a rule because it is a proposal. charlesrussellspeechlys.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a law firm’s summary, used to confirm the reading of the SI | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYour payment record now goes in the directors’ report. | The figure shows the three reporting bands with equal segments, because the regulations set the bands and not the distribution. It is a diagram of the disclosure, not data about any company. The separate payment practices reporting duty and the “large company” definition are outside this note. | a stated limit on the figure and the coverage above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYour website may be in scope of an EU law you have never read. | European Commission, “European Accessibility Act” policy pages, read 23 September 2026: covered products and services include computers and operating systems, ATMs, ticketing and check-in machines, smartphones, TV equipment for digital television, telephony services and equipment, audio-visual media services, air, bus, rail and waterborne passenger transport services, banking services, e-books and e-commerce; member states had to incorporate the Act into national law by June 2022. commission.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Commission’s own description of its own directive | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYour website may be in scope of an EU law you have never read. | Bird & Bird, “A guide to navigating the European Accessibility Act for online retailers, service providers and platforms”, read 23 September 2026: the Act “comes into force across the European Union” on 28 June 2025 through national implementing laws; e-commerce scope covers “any provider that offers e-commerce services to consumers in the EU” and “all steps that lead to the conclusion of a transaction with a consumer”; it applies “regardless of whether that provider is in the EU or not”; requirements align with WCAG and EN 301 549. twobirds.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a named law firm’s reading, used because the scope question is not answered on the Commission’s own summary page | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYour website may be in scope of an EU law you have never read. | Our own accessibility numbers: every page of this site is run through axe-core’s automated WCAG 2.1 A and AA rules on each push, and text contrast is measured against rendered pixels rather than stylesheet values. Worst readings in five runs, 23 and 24 September 2026: 5.06, 5.13, 5.22, 5.30 and 6.25 against a 4.5 requirement. Until 24 September this line gave 6.19 as the current reading, and the suite sampled three notes of 73 rather than every page. | first-party and reproducible: the suites are in this repository and print the number on every run | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteYour website may be in scope of an EU law you have never read. | Whether a specific business is in scope, and what any national implementation requires, is a legal question we are not answering. Exemptions and penalties sit in twenty-seven national laws we have not read. | a stated limit on our own knowledge | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteNuggets and fool’s gold: the figures we took off our own site. | Noxia’s own figures register, FIGURES.md in this repository, rendered publicly at /what-we-checked. 31 figures removed or corrected, counted by the build from the register itself. Named here: the 1,445% multi-agent surge, Gartner’s count of inquiries over five quarters, which we wrote as a year of demand and then wrongly called misattributed; “1 in 7” dental no-shows, traced to one NHS dentist describing his own practice in a trade interview; “£39 per missed appointment”, no source found; “40% of bookings after hours”, no source found; “£200,000 a month” salon no-show cost, no source found; “11 hours a week” lost to admin by letting agents, nearest real source Goodlord reporting only that 1 in 5 letting agents said they spent too much time on admin; “1 in 5 calls missed” in the trades, against a published range of roughly half to 94% with every source selling call answering. noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary, and first-party: this is our own record of our own failures, and every entry is publicly checkable on the site | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteNuggets and fool’s gold: the figures we took off our own site. | The replacement finding: in the first of two randomised controlled trials published in PLOS ONE, 10,111 hospital outpatients, including the specific cost of the appointment in a reminder message reduced did-not-attend rates from 11.1% to 8.4%. noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; peer-reviewed randomised trials, and the reason the unsourced deposit claim was not simply deleted | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteNuggets and fool’s gold: the figures we took off our own site. | Gartner, “Multiagent Systems in Enterprise AI: Efficiency, Innovation and Vendor Advantage”, published 18 December 2025: “Gartner reports a 1,445% surge in MAS inquiries from Q1 2024 to Q2 2025, reflecting skyrocketing interest.” gartner.com (opens in a new tab) | analyst, primary: the page our first check failed to find | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteNuggets and fool’s gold: the figures we took off our own site. | The four-way taxonomy is ours. It is derived from the struck figures that failed on their sourcing, and nothing else, so it is a description of how our figures failed rather than a general theory of how figures fail. | our own argument, labelled as such, with its sample size stated | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteSoftware that sells, and software that just costs. | Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, “Artificial intelligence in UK financial services: 2024”, 21 November 2024: of 118 firms surveyed, 75% already using AI and a further 10% planning to within three years; 55% of use cases involved some automated decision-making; 46% of firms reported only partial understanding of the AI they use. bankofengland.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulators’ own survey | 20 Sept 2026 | 19 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteSoftware that sells, and software that just costs. | Nivo, research published 7 May 2026 from in-depth conversations with more than 70 specialist lenders and brokers, reported by Mortgage Solutions: only half of submitted information right first time; for a typical secured loan case, 15 to 20 rounds of messages, more than five people and upwards of five hours of admin on the broker-to-lender leg; 35% of cases requiring corrections. mortgagesolutions.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | vendor research, but with a named method and sample size, and used here only as an example of numbers a firm already tracks | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteSoftware that sells, and software that just costs. | The one-sentence test, the three failure modes and the two exceptions are ours. No survey underlies them; they are a description of the purchases we have watched succeed and fail. | our own argument, labelled as such | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe £200 floor: below this, buying the tool costs more than the tool. | Noxia’s own model. Roughly 8 hours to choose, 12 to onboard and 52 to supervise in the first year (80 hours) at an illustrative £30 per hour of internal cost, giving £2,400 in year one, about £200 a month. None of these hours is measured from a survey. They are stated so they can be disputed, and the conclusion moves with them. | our own arithmetic, labelled as such. This is an opinion with its working shown, not a finding | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe £200 floor: below this, buying the tool costs more than the tool. | The comparison case (twenty minutes a week saved is about 17 hours a year, roughly £520 at the same rate) is arithmetic from the figures above. | arithmetic from our own stated inputs | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe £200 floor: below this, buying the tool costs more than the tool. | The observation that supervision becomes non-negotiable where output is regulated rests on the safeguards in Article 22C of the UK GDPR as substituted by section 80 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, in force 5 February 2026, which require human intervention to be available on significant automated decisions. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for the legal point; the costing of it is still ours | 20 Sept 2026 | 19 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWhat this website costs to run. The whole bill, line by line. | Vercel billing API, FOCUS v1.3 billing records for this site’s own team, read by us on 20 September 2026 for three UTC-offset day windows. 9 to 10 September 2026: 827 records, billed $0.521800, list $1.188400. 14 to 15 September 2026: 888 records, billed $0.420902, list $1.087568. 17 to 18 September 2026: 911 records, billed $0.282000, list $0.948700. 50 distinct services each day, 41 billing $0.0000. Largest line all three days: Observability Events at $0.2770, $0.2383 and $0.1075. Edge Requests, Fast Data Transfer, Build Minutes and Deployment Storage: $0.0000 on all three days. Currency USD. vercel.com (opens in a new tab) | primary, and first-party: this is our own bill, read from the billing API rather than transcribed from an invoice. Warrick can reproduce every figure from the same account. The link is Vercel’s documentation of the endpoint, “List FOCUS billing charges” (GET /v1/billing/charges, FOCUS v1.3); until 24 September 2026 it pointed at a documentation page Vercel has since removed | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteWhat this website costs to run. The whole bill, line by line. | Three days is a sample, not a month, and they were chosen to span the period rather than at random. A day with a traffic spike or a long build would look different, and we have not published one. | a limitation of our own method, stated rather than buried | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWhat this website costs to run. The whole bill, line by line. | The reading (that the pages are free and the record of them is not) is ours. Vercel does not present its bill this way. | our own argument, labelled as such | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteA 24-hour clock, and your IT supplier is in scope. | GOV.UK, “Incident reporting” factsheet, Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill, updated 30 June 2026: two-stage reporting with a light-touch notification to the regulator within 24 hours, NCSC copied in, and a full report within 72 hours; applies to operators of essential services, relevant managed service providers, relevant digital service providers and data centre operators; the three-part significance test; ransomware and “pre-positioning attacks that are likely to have significant impacts in the UK, even if they have not had an impact yet” named as reportable. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own factsheet on its own bill | 18 Sept 2026 | 17 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteA 24-hour clock, and your IT supplier is in scope. | GOV.UK, “Summary of the Bill” factsheet, first published 12 November 2025 and updated 30 June 2026: medium and large data centres, including qualifying enterprise data centres, brought into scope; “Medium and large managed service providers will be brought into scope”; large load controllers; a designated critical suppliers mechanism; “the cost of this legislation is estimated to be less than £150 million per year”. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary. The bill is not yet an Act, so thresholds, detail and commencement can still change | 18 Sept 2026 | 17 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteA 24-hour clock, and your IT supplier is in scope. | The prediction that the obligation arrives as a contract schedule rather than as a statute, and the three things to do, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 18 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteFour quarterly updates a year, and the return as well. It started in April. | HMRC, “Find out if and when you need to use Making Tax Digital for Income Tax”, GOV.UK, last updated 26 March 2026, read 18 September 2026 and again 24 September 2026: qualifying income over £50,000 for the 2024 to 2025 tax year (“you should’ve started using Making Tax Digital for Income Tax from 6 April 2026”); over £30,000 for 2025 to 2026, from 6 April 2027; over £20,000 for 2026 to 2027, from 6 April 2028. Applies to sole traders and landlords registered for Self Assessment with self-employment or property income. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the tax authority’s own eligibility guidance | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour quarterly updates a year, and the return as well. It started in April. | HMRC, “Use Making Tax Digital for Income Tax”, GOV.UK: the guidance covering digital records, quarterly updates and the final tax return, for sole traders, landlords and agents. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour quarterly updates a year, and the return as well. It started in April. | The four operational consequences for letting agents, the retention argument, and the warning against telling every landlord they are in scope are ours. HMRC addresses taxpayers and agents acting for them, not letting agents. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteOn 15 September the default changed. Your site may have stopped talking to AI. | Cloudflare, “Have it both ways: stay discoverable in search while disallowing AI training”, 15 September 2026: “Beginning September 15, customers onboarding a new domain will be offered one of two preset configurations, depending on whether the site earns money from advertising”; for an ad-supported site, search allowed, training set to the new “Disallow AI Training” and agents blocked on pages with ads; the setting “lets you easily stay indexed for search while refusing to let that same crawler train on your content”, honoured by accountable mixed-use crawlers from Apple, Google and Microsoft; existing customers’ settings migrated from their earlier choices. blog.cloudflare.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the company’s own launch post | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteOn 15 September the default changed. Your site may have stopped talking to AI. | TechCrunch, “Cloudflare’s new policy pushes AI companies to pay for publishers’ content”, 1 July 2026: the plan as announced, which the launch narrowed: from 15 September 2026, Cloudflare’s default settings block “mixed-use” crawlers from ad-supported pages, applying to new customers, new sites from existing customers, and all free-tier users; site owners can change the setting. It reports Cloudflare’s position, in the reporter’s words rather than a quotation, that most website owners want their content discoverable via search and often through AI services, but want protection against their intellectual property being given away for free. Also cited: more than 50% of AI crawler traffic is re-fetching unchanged pages. techcrunch.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; trade press reporting the July announcement, superseded by the launch above | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteOn 15 September the default changed. Your site may have stopped talking to AI. | Cloudflare, “Content Independence Day: no AI crawl without compensation!”, 1 July 2025 (the announcement that established the policy direction a year earlier: “changing the default to block AI crawlers unless they pay creators for their content”). On the ratio: “With OpenAI, it’s 750 times more difficult to get traffic than it was with the Google of old”, and “With Anthropic, it’s 30,000 times more difficult”. blog.cloudflare.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the company’s own blog. The post gives no method for either figure, and we have not seen them independently reproduced | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteOn 15 September the default changed. Your site may have stopped talking to AI. | The four-minute check, the reading of “default” as the operative word, and the claim that crawlability and citability are different problems are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteScotland has an AI strategy. Here is the part a small firm can use. | Scottish Government, “Scotland’s Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2026 to 2031”, published 20 March 2026. Foreword signed by Kate Forbes MSP, Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Economy and Gaelic, and Richard Lochhead MSP, Minister for Business and Employment: “Our ambition is clear: to secure the benefits of AI for everyone in Scotland. That means boosting our economy, closing the productivity gap and driving innovation”. gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government that published it | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteScotland has an AI strategy. Here is the part a small firm can use. | Scottish Government, Scotland’s Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2026 to 2031, the section headed “AI Scotland”: commitment to “a renewed and expanded AI Adoption Programme aimed at Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)”; an initial AI Adoption Programme launched in 2025 supported by nearly £1 million in public funding; establishment of an Expert Advisory Board; first-year priority the development of a long-term organisational model business case. gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary. We searched this document for a quantified target and did not find one: the absence is reported here rather than filled in | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteScotland has an AI strategy. Here is the part a small firm can use. | Scottish Government, “Supporting businesses to harness AI”, 19 August 2026: £1.8 million for the second year of the AI Adoption Programme for SMEs, after a first year in which £1 million helped more than 1,000 businesses; delivered with the enterprise agencies, Business Gateway and The Data Lab; support available from 19 August through the AI Scotland website. gov.scot (opens in a new tab) | primary; the government’s own announcement | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteScotland has an AI strategy. Here is the part a small firm can use. | The reading of which parts are actionable, and the advice to decide the job before chasing the funding, are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteSix weeks to connect. What the dashboard deadline is really testing. | UK Pensions Dashboards Programme, progress update report, July 2026: “nearly 1,500 pension providers and schemes have connected”, with “over 70 million workplace and private pension records integrated”, “around 85% of those in scope”; “All pension providers and schemes in scope of legislation need to have completed connection to the ecosystem by 31 October 2026”; “MaPS would expect the MoneyHelper Pensions Dashboard to be available to the public in financial year 2027/28.” pensionsdashboardsprogramme.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the programme running the ecosystem. The latest figures it had published when we read it on 24 September 2026 | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteSix weeks to connect. What the dashboard deadline is really testing. | UK Pensions Dashboards Programme, “Pensions dashboards connection deadline: your questions answered”, 28 April 2026 (the scope and the April figures, since overtaken by the report above: the connection deadline is 31 October 2026); scope is “all personal pension providers subject to the FCA rules and occupational pension schemes with 100 or more relevant members”; “over 1,000 pension providers and schemes have connected”, with “over 60 million pension records from workplace and personal pensions… around three quarters of the total records in scope”; if full connection is achieved, “over 99% of pension records will be findable and viewable through dashboards”. The staged connection timetable is set out in guidance published by the Department for Work and Pensions. pensionsdashboardsprogramme.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the programme running the ecosystem | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteSix weeks to connect. What the dashboard deadline is really testing. | UK Pensions Dashboards Programme, “The dashboards available point”, 12 July 2023: “The dashboards available point (DAP) is the date at which pensions dashboards will be made available to the public”; it “is decided by the Government”, which “will provide at least 6 months’ notice”. pensionsdashboardsprogramme.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the programme’s own explanation | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteSix weeks to connect. What the dashboard deadline is really testing. | Financial Conduct Authority, “Pensions dashboards: how to connect to the ecosystem” (the FCA’s own connection guidance for firms it regulates). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteSix weeks to connect. What the dashboard deadline is really testing. | The three outcomes, the four things to measure, and the argument that the deadline tests matching rather than connection are ours. The programme does not frame it this way. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTargeted support went live in April. Twenty-three million people are the reason. | Financial Conduct Authority, “PS25/22: Supporting consumers’ pensions and investment decisions: rules for targeted support”. “Around 23 million consumers are currently underserved by the markets for advice and guidance”; “Targeted support will allow firms to provide suggestions designed for groups of consumers with common characteristics to help them make important decisions across their pensions and investments.” Consultation 30 June to 29 August 2025; near-final rules 11 December 2025; confirmed by the FCA Board 26 February 2026; applications open 2 March 2026; rules live 6 April 2026. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own policy statement | 18 Sept 2026 | 17 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTargeted support went live in April. Twenty-three million people are the reason. | Financial Conduct Authority, Advice Guidance Boundary Review pages: “We expect the targeted support rules to take effect from 6 April 2026”; firms can submit applications via Connect. Preceding consultations CP24/27 (December 2024), CP25/17 (June 2025), CP25/26 (September 2025) and CP25/33 (November 2025). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 18 Sept 2026 | 17 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTargeted support went live in April. Twenty-three million people are the reason. | FCA and Financial Ombudsman Service instrument FCA 2026/5 / FOS 2026/04, the Advice Guidance Boundary Review (Targeted Support) Instrument 2026, made by the FCA Board on 26 February 2026 and the Ombudsman service’s board on 23 February 2026: the Handbook text itself, amending the Glossary, SYSC, TC, FEES, MIFIDPRU, IPRU-INV, COBS, ICOBS, FPCOB, PDCOB, PROD, SUP, DISP, COLL, CREDS, FUND and PERG. Most of it came into force on 6 April 2026, with parts from 2 March 2026 for limited purposes and two later parts on 31 December 2026 and 6 April 2027. api-handbook.fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legal instrument, which is what a supervisor will read | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteTargeted support went live in April. Twenty-three million people are the reason. | The six records, the reading of the regime as a data-lineage problem, and the advice to monitor cohorts rather than perfect the design are ours. The FCA does not prescribe this list. | our own argument, labelled as such | 18 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe AI deadline moved to December 2027. What it does not buy you. | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 July 2026 amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2023/1230 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI); in force 27 July 2026. eur-lex.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulation itself | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe AI deadline moved to December 2027. What it does not buy you. | European Commission, “AI Omnibus enters into force”, 27 July 2026: “On 27 July 2026, the AI Omnibus enters into force across the EU”; rules for high-risk AI systems in Annex III apply from 2 December 2027, and for high-risk AI in products under Annex I from 2 August 2028. digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Commission | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe AI deadline moved to December 2027. What it does not buy you. | Council of the EU, “Artificial Intelligence: Council and Parliament agree to simplify and streamline rules”, 7 May 2026: “Today, the Council presidency and European Parliament negotiators reached a provisional agreement”. consilium.europa.eu (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Council | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe AI deadline moved to December 2027. What it does not buy you. | Gibson Dunn, “EU AI Act Omnibus Agreement: Postponed High-Risk Deadlines and Other Key Changes”: the provisional agreement, which it dates 6 May 2026 (the Council’s release is of 7 May), confirmed by Member State representatives on 13 May. Annex III high-risk from 2 August 2026 to 2 December 2027; Annex I high-risk from 2 August 2027 to 2 August 2028; AI regulatory sandboxes from 2 August 2026 to 2 August 2027; a new grace period to 2 December 2026 for the Article 50(2) watermarking requirement. Formal adoption and Official Journal publication expected before 2 August 2026, which happened. gibsondunn.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a law firm’s reading of the provisional agreement, now superseded by the regulation above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe AI deadline moved to December 2027. What it does not buy you. | EU Artificial Intelligence Act implementation timeline, as published at artificialintelligenceact.eu and read on 18 September 2026: 2 February 2025 prohibitions and AI literacy; 2 August 2025 general-purpose AI model rules, governance and confidentiality; 2 August 2026 the remainder of the Act begins to apply; systems generating synthetic audio, image, video or text that “have been placed on the market before this date need to be compliant with Article 50(2) by 2 December 2026”; 2 December 2027 Annex III high-risk; 2 August 2028 Annex I high-risk. artificialintelligenceact.eu (opens in a new tab) | secondary; an independent tracker, useful because it shows the dates as they now stand rather than as they were agreed. Read on one date and reported as of that date | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteThe AI deadline moved to December 2027. What it does not buy you. | The three reasons a UK firm should care, the four things to do with the extra time, and the observation that classification work does not expire are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe mortgage rulebook is being rewritten in parts. The running order. | Financial Conduct Authority, “Mortgage rule review” (first published 2 October 2025, last updated 9 June 2026) and each document it links, opened on 24 September 2026: informal guidance on MCOB 11.6.18R (“Firms have flexibility to design their test in a way that is appropriate for the customer’s mortgage”); discussion paper DP25/2, published 25 June 2025, closed 19 September 2025; policy statement PS25/11, published 22 July 2025, with three changes (modified affordability assessment for remortgaging, term reduction without full affordability reassessment, and customer interaction without automatically triggering advice); feedback statement FS25/6 and roadmap, published 15 December 2025, with priorities “grouped under 4 themes” and “Policy development on all themes will commence by the end of 2026 continuing through 2027 as required”; consultation CP26/18 on first-time buyers and underserved consumers, open 9 June to 28 July 2026; on the loan-to-income flow limit, modification by consent for PRA-authorised firms following the PRA’s July 2025 statement, and individual guidance for FCA-only lenders. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own review pages | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe mortgage rulebook is being rewritten in parts. The running order. | Financial Conduct Authority, “FS25/6: Mortgage Rule Review: Feedback to DP25/2 and Roadmap”, first published 15 December 2025, last updated 17 December 2025. The page gives the timeline: DP25/2 25 June 2025, discussion closed 19 September 2025, FS25/6 and Roadmap 15 December 2025. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own publication page | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe mortgage rulebook is being rewritten in parts. The running order. | Financial Conduct Authority, “CP26/18: Mortgage rule review, supporting first-time buyers and underserved consumers”: consultation opened 9 June 2026, closed 28 July 2026. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the consultation itself | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe mortgage rulebook is being rewritten in parts. The running order. | Financial Conduct Authority, “PS25/11: Mortgage Rule Review: First steps to simplify our rules and increase flexibility”, the policy statement itself, published 22 July 2025 after consultation from 7 May to 4 June 2025. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the final rules | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe mortgage rulebook is being rewritten in parts. The running order. | The reading that the interaction change is the structurally significant one, the three engineering consequences, and the observation that evidence of an absence is harder to produce than evidence of suitability are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe redress rules change on 1 October. What to record either way. | Financial Ombudsman Service, “Financial Ombudsman outlines next phase of service reforms”, 11 August 2026: new dismissal powers and a clarified fair and reasonable rule “will come into effect on 1 October 2026”; “A new registration stage to be rolled out next year, following a consultation on differential case fees later this year”. financial-ombudsman.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Ombudsman | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe redress rules change on 1 October. What to record either way. | Financial Ombudsman Service, “Modernising the Redress System: policy statement”, August 2026, announced 11 August 2026: “Formal rule changes will take effect from 1 October 2026”; the registration stage tested “through pilots, beginning with fraud and scams casework in October 2026”; good industry practice kept “in DISP 3.6.4R at this stage and keep the position under review as the legislative process continues”. financial-ombudsman.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the Ombudsman’s own policy statement | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe redress rules change on 1 October. What to record either way. | Financial Conduct Authority, “CP26/9: Modernising the redress system”, last updated 11 August 2026: “the Financial Ombudsman Service have published a policy statement in response to CP26/9”; on next steps, “We are working with the Financial Ombudsman Service and His Majesty’s Treasury on timings of further consultations”. First consultation opened 15 July 2025 and closed 8 October 2025; further consultation opened 16 March 2026 and closed 11 May 2026. Stated aim, to “modernise the redress framework, to better serve consumers and give firms greater certainty to invest and innovate”. Proposals include finalised guidance on identifying and rectifying harm, rule changes for improved efficiency, updates to the fair and reasonable test and dismissal grounds, and the introduction of a complaints registration stage by the Financial Ombudsman. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own consultation page | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe redress rules change on 1 October. What to record either way. | Financial Ombudsman Service, “Modernising the redress system”: the Ombudsman’s own pages on the same programme of work. financial-ombudsman.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteThe redress rules change on 1 October. What to record either way. | The four records, the argument that reconstruction rather than rules decides a redress event, and the advice not to make operational bets on a contested consultation are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWhat your agent is allowed to decide on its own, since February. | Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, section 80, “Automated decision-making”: substitutes Article 22 of the UK GDPR with Article 22A (automated processing and significant decisions), Article 22B (restrictions on automated decision-making), Article 22C (safeguards for automated decision-making) and Article 22D (further provision about automated decision-making); also amends the Data Protection Act 2018 for law enforcement and intelligence services processing. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation itself | 18 Sept 2026 | 17 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWhat your agent is allowed to decide on its own, since February. | The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026, SI 2026/82, regulation 2: “The following provisions of the 2025 Act, so far as not already in force, come into force on 5th February 2026”, listing sections including 80, “(j) section 80 (automated decision-making)”, together with Schedules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 (except paragraph 32), 12, 13 and 15. Schedules 10 and 14 are not listed. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the commencement instrument, which is what makes the date real | 18 Sept 2026 | 17 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWhat your agent is allowed to decide on its own, since February. | The reading of the change as a relocation of work from lawyer to log file, the four things to do, and the argument that a zero override rate is evidence against meaningful involvement are ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 18 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field note18 of 45 citations did not exist. What a court said about AI drafting. | Ayinde, R (on the application of) v The London Borough of Haringey; Al-Haroun v Qatar National Bank QPSC and another [2025] EWHC 1383 (Admin), Divisional Court (the President of the King’s Bench Division and Mr Justice Johnson), 6 June 2025. Every quotation and figure in this note, five fictitious cases (paragraphs 36 and 37), forty-five citations of which eighteen do not exist (paragraph 74), the statements at paragraphs 6, 7, 9 and 23, the £2,000 wasted costs orders (paragraph 49), and the referrals (paragraphs 70, 72 and 81), is from the published judgment, read in full. judiciary.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the judgment itself | 11 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field note18 of 45 citations did not exist. What a court said about AI drafting. | The application to financial advice and other regulated work is our reading, not the court’s. The judgment concerns the conduct of litigation and the duties of lawyers; we have said where the analogy is ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 11 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field note26% of UK adults trust ChatGPT for financial advice. The FCA counted. | Financial Conduct Authority, “AI and the future of retail financial services (The Mills Review)”, 6 July 2026. Executive summary: “Around 26% trust general-purpose tools such as ChatGPT, Claude or Gemini for financial advice, despite limited awareness that formal routes to recourse will not apply”; “1 in 5 UK adults are already open to AI making decisions for them, with demand strongest where choices feel complex or high-stakes, particularly debt advice, pensions and investments.” Consumer research by Yonder Consulting, 5,026 UK adults, April 2026. Seven recommendations, the first “Secure and adapt the regulatory perimeter”. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own review and survey | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field note26% of UK adults trust ChatGPT for financial advice. The FCA counted. | FCA press release, “FCA publishes landmark review into impact of AI on retail financial services”, 6 July 2026: “a fifth of people (equivalent to 11 million UK adults) are likely to use AI that can act autonomously within pre-set goals”; over 5,000 consumers surveyed in April 2026. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field note26% of UK adults trust ChatGPT for financial advice. The FCA counted. | Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, “Artificial intelligence in UK financial services: 2024”, 21 November 2024. 118 firms: 75% using AI, 10% planning to within three years; a third of use cases third-party implementations; top three providers 73% of cloud, 44% of models, 33% of data; 55% of use cases with some automated decision-making, 2% fully autonomous; 46% of firms with partial understanding against 34% complete; foundation models 17% of use cases. bankofengland.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulators’ own survey. A fourth edition is being run in 2026 and will supersede these figures when it is published | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field note26% of UK adults trust ChatGPT for financial advice. The FCA counted. | House of Commons Treasury Committee, “Artificial intelligence in financial services”, Fifteenth Report of Session 2024-26, 20 January 2026: “Some 75% of UK financial services firms are now using AI”; the FCA asked to publish comprehensive guidance, including SM&CR accountability, by the end of 2026; HM Treasury asked to designate major AI and cloud providers as critical third parties by the end of 2026; no firm had been brought into the regime as of October 2025. publications.parliament.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; a select committee’s recommendations, which bind nobody until acted on. See the replies below | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field note26% of UK adults trust ChatGPT for financial advice. The FCA counted. | House of Commons Treasury Committee, “Artificial intelligence in financial services: Government, Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority Responses”, 16 April 2026. The FCA: “We will share additional examples of good and poor practice as our innovation work progresses”, and will “publish an AI Live Testing evaluation report towards the end of this year or early 2027”. HM Treasury: “I expect to make initial designation decisions this year.” The Bank: “no designations have been made to date”, and the fourth edition of the joint AI survey will run this year. publications.parliament.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulators’ and the Treasury’s own replies | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| Field note26% of UK adults trust ChatGPT for financial advice. The FCA counted. | The reading of the recourse gap as an adviser’s argument is ours. The review does not tell advisers what to say to clients; it reports what clients are doing. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteFour months into the Renters’ Rights Act: the clocks an agent keeps. | GOV.UK, “When will the Renters’ Right Act come into force?” (the title as published), press release, 30 April 2026: “On 1 May 2026, new laws kicked in” for 11 million renters; the database “will be rolled out gradually by area from late 2026”; the ombudsman is part of phase two “from late 2026 onwards”. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour months into the Renters’ Rights Act: the clocks an agent keeps. | GOV.UK, “Stronger protections and greater confidence for renters”, press release, 9 September 2026: the landlord registration service “will launch on 15 December 2026, starting in the West Midlands and onto other areas over 12 months”; landlords have three months to register once their area is called forward; “All landlords actively letting property will need to have registered by 14 November 2027.” gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour months into the Renters’ Rights Act: the clocks an agent keeps. | GOV.UK, “Implementing the Renters’ Rights Act 2025: our roadmap for reforming the private rented sector”, 13 November 2025: on landlord ombudsman membership, “we expect this to be in 2028, when the Secretary of State is confident the service is ready for delivery”. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own roadmap | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour months into the Renters’ Rights Act: the clocks an agent keeps. | GOV.UK, “Guide to the Renters’ Rights Act”, published 6 November 2025: Royal Assent 27 October 2025; existing fixed terms convert to periodic tenancies; rent increases once a year by section 13 notice with at least two months’ notice; asking rent must be published and offers above it are illegal to accept; advance rent capped at one month or 28 days; pets cannot be unreasonably refused; sale and move-in grounds need four months’ notice and cannot be used in the first twelve months; civil penalties up to £7,000 and up to £40,000 or prosecution; ombudsman membership required for all private landlords in England with assured or regulated tenancies; letting or advertising an unregistered property is enforceable. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own guide | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteFour months into the Renters’ Rights Act: the clocks an agent keeps. | The framing of the Act as a set of clocks, and the observation that the noticing rather than the judging is what fails at scale, is ours. The Act applies to England; Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own tenancy law. | our own argument, and a scope limitation, stated | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteOne in three UK businesses now use AI. One in ten use it seriously. | Office for National Statistics, “Artificial intelligence in UK businesses: 2023 to 2026”, published 20 July 2026. Business Insights and Conditions Survey wave 159, fieldwork 15 to 28 June 2026, 38,637 responses, response rate 26.7%. Every business figure in this note (35%, 12%, 28%, 49%, 58%, 13%, 1.4 to 1.6, 10%, 18%, 16%, 12%, 6%, 2%, 41%, 18%, 11%) is from this release. ons.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; official statistics from the national statistics office | 11 Sept 2026 | 10 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOne in three UK businesses now use AI. One in ten use it seriously. | The 55% employee figure is from the ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey for May to June 2026, as cited in the same release. The release says it covers use “for work or education” and “may, therefore, include some AI use outside formal business activities”. It is a survey of adults rather than of businesses, so the twenty-point gap against the business figure is indicative rather than exact: that reading is ours. ons.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary, but a different survey from the business figure it is set against | 11 Sept 2026 | 10 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteOne in three UK businesses now use AI. One in ten use it seriously. | All figures are self-reported by businesses. The ONS does not audit whether a reported AI technology is in production use; “extensively” is the respondent’s own word. We have not adjusted anything. | a limitation of the source, stated | 11 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteSeven million people have until November to prove who they are. | Companies House, “Companies House confirms identity verification rollout from 18 November 2025”, press release, 5 August 2025: “We estimate that 6 to 7 million individuals will need to verify their identity by mid-November 2026”; “More than 300,000 individuals have already done so during the current voluntary period, which started in April”; existing directors confirm at their next confirmation statement during a 12-month transition; “It will be an offence to act as a director without being verified once director duties commence.” gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department that runs the register | 5 Oct 2026 | 3 Apr 2027 |
| Field noteSeven million people have until November to prove who they are. | Companies House, “One million people verify identity early ahead of Companies House changes”, news story, 3 November 2025: “More than 1 million individuals have already verified their identity since we rolled out our identity verification service on a voluntary basis in April.” gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary | 5 Oct 2026 | 5 Oct 2027 |
| Field noteSeven million people have until November to prove who they are. | Companies House management information: identity verification, April to June 2026, published 30 July 2026. Opened by us on 18 September 2026 and read from Table 1: as at 30 June 2026, 4,710,086 director appointments verified (55.33%), 82,686 LLP member appointments (49.47%), 2,571,827 individual PSC appointments (41.86%), 7,364,599 in total (49.68%); at 31 March 2026 the director figure was 32.20% and at 31 December 2025 it was 7.79%. Note 2 scopes it to current appointments in trading or dormant corporate bodies; note 3 says appointments may not equal individuals; note 4 records the July 2026 restatement that added dormant-company appointments to both sides of the calculation. Published as ODS and XLSX only: there is no page to read it on. Checked again on 5 October 2026: still the newest release, with July to September 2026 not yet published. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department that runs the register, read from the release itself | 5 Oct 2026 | 4 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteSeven million people have until November to prove who they are. | PKF Francis Clark, “Companies House identity verification: enforcement is getting closer”, updated 11 August 2026, reading the April to June 2026 release as 55% of directors, 50% of LLP members and 42% of PSCs verified. Superseded on 18 September 2026 by our own reading of the release, which agrees with theirs; kept here because until that date it was where this note’s figures came from, and a source you have stopped relying on is still part of the record. pkf-francisclark.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; superseded by the primary release above, and in agreement with it | 18 Sept 2026 | 18 Sept 2027 |
| Field noteYou may not need the UKCA mark at all. What the CE decision covers. | GOV.UK, “Placing UKCA or CE marked products on the market in Great Britain”, first published 31 March 2026, last updated 21 August 2026. It replaced “Using the UKCA marking”, whose address now redirects to it: “Where the aims and requirements of product regulations meet the needs of the UK, the UK continues to recognise the CE (European Conformity) marking, alongside or in place of the UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) marking, for the Great Britain market under The Product Safety and Metrology (Amendment) Regulations 2024.” The seven sectors appear on it as having “specific rules”, in its section on where a UKCA mark may be placed. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own guidance | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYou may not need the UKCA mark at all. What the CE decision covers. | GOV.UK, “Product regulations by sector and current approaches to product marking: UKCA and CE regimes”, published 31 March 2026, read 24 September 2026. Its marking table gives “UKCA or CE” for construction products, cableway installations and medical devices, the merchant shipping guidance for marine equipment, no marking for rail interoperability constituents, rho for transportable pressure equipment and UK0 to UK6 class marks for uncrewed aircraft. On construction products: “the government committed to continuing to recognise the CE marking for construction products, subject to system wide reform, with any subsequent changes to CE recognition subject to a minimum 2-year transitional period.” On medical devices: recognition of CE certification “until July 2028 or 2030, depending on the EU legislation complied with”, and a consultation on indefinite recognition “opened on 16 February 2026”. On cableways: 2019 regulations “allow for the continued use of CE marking”. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own sector guidance | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYou may not need the UKCA mark at all. What the CE decision covers. | The Product Safety and Metrology etc. (Amendment) Regulations 2024, SI 2024/696. The explanatory note describes provision “allowing relevant economic operators to meet any conformity assessment or testing requirements in the legislation as it applies in Great Britain by complying with the corresponding EU conformity assessment or testing requirements.” The count of twenty-one amended instruments is ours, from the contents. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYou may not need the UKCA mark at all. What the CE decision covers. | The divergence between designated and harmonised standards, and the 699-of-3,517 figure, are from our own reading on 8 September 2026 of thirteen of the GOV.UK consolidated lists; GOV.UK publishes designated standards for 39 product areas. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | our own count from a primary source | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYou may not need the UKCA mark at all. What the CE decision covers. | None of this is a conformity assessment or legal advice about a particular product. It is what three government pages and one statutory instrument say, read on the dates given. | a limitation, stated | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteAI agents now beat humans at desktop tasks. On long jobs the best finishes 31%. | OSWorld-Verified leaderboard, read in a browser on 24 September 2026 (the table is loaded by script; os-world.github.io now redirects here). “Foundation E2E GUI” view, first: claude-fable-5 (Anthropic), 1 August 2026, general model, 86.0%; second, claude-opus-5, 83.4%. “All” view, first: Intelligence-Indeed Agent, an agentic framework, 25 July 2026, 90.2%. No entry reads 86.1%. Human baseline from the original paper: “humans can accomplish over 72.36% of the tasks”. osworld-v1.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteAI agents now beat humans at desktop tasks. On long jobs the best finishes 31%. | OSWorld 2.0, “Benchmarking computer-use agents on long-horizon real-world tasks”, launched 26 June 2026: 108 long-horizon tasks, 31 self-hosted websites, 69.6% of tasks over an hour, more than 250 agent steps on average. Leaderboard read 24 September 2026: best binary completion 31.4% (Claude Opus 5, maximum effort, version of 8 August 2026), partial score 68.3%. At launch the best was 20.6%. osworld-v2.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public benchmark and leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteAI agents now beat humans at desktop tasks. On long jobs the best finishes 31%. | TheAgentCompany leaderboard, read 24 September 2026: best checked result 42.9% resolved (TTE-MatrixAgent with DeepSeek-V3.2, 10 November 2025); “Checked” means the benchmark’s team reproduced it. the-agent-company.com (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteAI agents now beat humans at desktop tasks. On long jobs the best finishes 31%. | TheAgentCompany: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Consequential Real World Tasks, Carnegie Mellon, arXiv:2412.14161 (at publication, “the most competitive agent can complete 30% of tasks autonomously”). arxiv.org (opens in a new tab) | peer-reviewable preprint, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteCan an IFA use AI to write suitability reports without breaching Consumer Duty? | AdvisoryAI, AI Suitability Report Generators for UK Financial Advisers: 2026 Buyer’s Guide, last updated 18 May 2026 (the four-to-six-hours-per-report figure, stated without a source). advisoryai.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor selling the fix; uncorroborated | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteCan an IFA use AI to write suitability reports without breaching Consumer Duty? | FCA, PS22/9 “A new Consumer Duty”, 27 July 2022: “the rules come into force on 31 July 2023” for open products and services, and on 31 July 2024 for closed ones (the four outcome tests that make this a records question). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | regulator, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteDo the arithmetic on your unanswered phone before you buy anything. | No external source is used for the figures in this note. The illustration is explicitly illustrative, and the method is arithmetic on your own call log and CRM. | no borrowed statistics, on purpose | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteDoes AI-written outreach work? 31 million emails say something uncomfortable. | Hunter, State of Email Outreach 2026: 31 million emails sent by Hunter users in 2025. Two custom attributes 5.6% vs 3.6%; manually edited 5.2% vs fully automated 4.4%. Separately, from Hunter’s survey: 69% of US-based decision makers say it bothers them if AI wrote the email. hunter.io (opens in a new tab) | vendor dataset, large, method stated; the 69% is a separate US survey whose sample the page does not give | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteHalf of what brokers send lenders is wrong first time. Here is where the hours go. | Nivo, research with 70+ specialist lenders and brokers, reported by Mortgage Solutions, 7 May 2026: half of submitted information right first time; for a typical secured loan case, 15 to 20 message rounds, 5+ people and 5+ hours of broker-to-lender admin; 35% of cases needing corrections; 20 to 50% stalling or failing to complete. mortgagesolutions.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | vendor research, named method and sample | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteIn a regulated firm, the audit trail is the product. | FCA, PS22/9 “A new Consumer Duty”, 27 July 2022: “the rules come into force on 31 July 2023” for open products and services, and on 31 July 2024 for closed ones (the outcome tests this specification is written against). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | regulator, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteIn a regulated firm, the audit trail is the product. | FCA, “Senior Managers and Certification Regime”, updated 24 April 2026: the regime aims to “reduce harm to consumers and strengthen market integrity by making individuals more accountable for their conduct and competence” (the accountability requirement this specification is written against). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | regulator, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteIn a regulated firm, the audit trail is the product. | The six-record specification is Noxia’s own and is not a regulatory standard. It is what we build to. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteNobody answers the phone after six, and your customers already know. | InStep AI, reported by Property Industry Eye, 5 August 2026: 94.1% of weekday calls to UK sales and letting agencies unanswered between 6pm and 9pm; across the wider sample of 3,047 unique UK property business numbers, deduplicated from 3,169 branch records, 93.8% reached nobody. Calls placed May to July 2026. The publisher sells “Ella”, an AI assistant that answers enquiries around the clock, and disclosed its commercial interest in full. propertyindustryeye.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor research; method, sample and commercial interest all stated | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteNobody answers the phone after six, and your customers already know. | The figures we declined: published claims for unanswered UK business calls generally, ranging from roughly half to nearly all, none of the others stating a method. Listed on the public register rather than used. | not published: recorded as rejected | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field notePer-minute AI pricing charges you for the thing working. | No external statistics are used in this note. The argument is about contract shape, and the illustration is explicitly illustrative. | argument, not evidence: labelled as such | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe cheapest fix for missed appointments is one line in a text message. | Hallsworth M et al., Stating Appointment Costs in SMS Reminders Reduces Missed Hospital Appointments: Findings from Two Randomised Controlled Trials, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0137306. Trial one Nov 2013 to Jan 2014, n = 10,111: 11.1% vs 8.4% DNA, OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.89, p<0.01). Trial two Mar to May 2014, n = 9,848: specific 8.2% vs general 9.9%, OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.48, p = 0.046). Barts Health NHS Trust, five outpatient specialties. | peer-reviewed randomised controlled trials, primary | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteThe cheapest fix for missed appointments is one line in a text message. | The three-step sequence (wording first, arithmetic second, automation third) is Noxia’s own and is not part of the study. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwenty-six machinery standards stop counting on the same day. | GOV.UK designated standards: the consolidated lists for thirteen of the 39 product areas GOV.UK publishes, read through the GOV.UK content API and parsed from the published OpenDocument spreadsheets on 8 September 2026. 3,517 standards, 699 with a cessation date, 634 of those passed and 65 still ahead. Every count in this note is from that reading, is of those thirteen lists only, and can be checked against the same lists. On 24 September and again on 5 October 2026 none of the thirteen had published a newer version; the newest is machinery, version 16, of 8 August 2026. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department that maintains the lists | 5 Oct 2026 | 15 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteTwenty-six machinery standards stop counting on the same day. | The January 2027 cluster: 30 of the 65 remaining deadlines fall in that month, 26 of them on 20 January and all of those on the machinery list; once 8 October has passed, 30 of 63. Counted from the same reading, and again on 5 October 2026. | our own count from the primary source | 5 Oct 2026 | 15 Nov 2026 |
| Field noteTwenty-six machinery standards stop counting on the same day. | How much NOTICE a cessation date gives could not be measured and is not claimed anywhere in this note. A single reading shows that a date exists, not when it was published. Establishing that needs two readings, which is why the corpus is kept rather than re-fetched. | a limitation, stated rather than glossed | 5 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteTwenty-six machinery standards stop counting on the same day. | No standard’s text is reproduced here. ISO, IEC and BSI documents are licensed publications; this note names references and reports what the government list says about them. | a limitation we chose | 5 Oct 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | Gartner, Gartner Predicts 40% of Enterprise Apps Will Feature Task-Specific AI Agents by 2026, Up from Less Than 5% in 2025, 26 August 2025. gartner.com (opens in a new tab) | analyst, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 1 Jan 2027 |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | OSWorld-Verified leaderboard, read in a browser on 24 September 2026: best model 86.0% (claude-fable-5, 1 August 2026); best agentic framework 90.2%; no entry reads the 86.1% we had recorded. Human baseline 72.36%, from the original OSWorld paper. osworld-v1.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | OSWorld 2.0 leaderboard, read 24 September 2026: 108 long-horizon tasks; best binary completion 31.4%. osworld-v2.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | TheAgentCompany, Carnegie Mellon, arXiv:2412.14161 (30% of tasks completed autonomously at publication); the benchmark’s leaderboard now shows 42.9%. arxiv.org (opens in a new tab) | preprint, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | Hunter, State of Email Outreach 2026: 31 million emails; two custom attributes 5.6% vs 3.6% reply; manually edited 5.2% vs fully automated 4.4%. hunter.io (opens in a new tab) | vendor dataset, large, method stated | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | Gartner, “Multiagent Systems in Enterprise AI: Efficiency, Innovation and Vendor Advantage”, published 18 December 2025, updated 14 May 2026: “Gartner reports a 1,445% surge in MAS inquiries from Q1 2024 to Q2 2025, reflecting skyrocketing interest.” The source we said did not exist. gartner.com (opens in a new tab) | analyst, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWe checked five AI statistics we were about to publish. Three had no source. | Belitsoft, press release of 13 April 2026, “Multi-Agent Systems Surge 1,445% as Enterprises Move Beyond Single AI Agents in 2026”: “Gartner says that businesses asked about multi-agent systems 1,445% more between Q1 2024 to Q2 2025.” The page we found first and wrongly took for the origin; it credits Gartner, correctly. abnewswire.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor press release, quoting the analyst | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteWhat to automate first in an advice firm, and what to never automate. | OSWorld-Verified leaderboard, read 24 September 2026: best model 86.0% on 369 bounded desktop tasks. OSWorld 2.0, same day: best agent 31.4% on 108 long-horizon tasks. TheAgentCompany, Carnegie Mellon, arXiv:2412.14161: 30% at publication, 42.9% best checked on its leaderboard. Until 24 September this note gave 86.1% and 30%. osworld-v1.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| Field noteWhat to automate first in an advice firm, and what to never automate. | The two-axis framework is Noxia’s own and is not a regulatory classification. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| Field noteYour firm may be invisible to ChatGPT. Here is how to check in ten minutes. | Cyrus Shepard, AI Citation Ranking Factors Analysis, Zyppy Signal, 7 May 2026, factors scored from 54 experiments, patents and case studies (we count 23), weighted by repeatability, strength of evidence and official support, documentation, technical specifications or patents. The scores run from 9.5 to 2, with no scale stated beyond that: URL accessibility 9.5, search rank 9.4, fan-out rank 9.3, preview controls 9.2, query-answer match 9.2. The author: “These are not confirmed ranking factors. Correlation is not causation.” signal.zyppy.com (opens in a new tab) | third-party synthesis of 54 sources, method stated; not a platform disclosure | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYour firm may be invisible to ChatGPT. Here is how to check in ten minutes. | Ryan Law, New Study: AI Assistants Prefer to Cite “Fresher” Content (17 Million Citations Analyzed), Ahrefs, 28 July 2025 (16.975 million cited URLs across ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Copilot, AI Overviews and organic Google). URLs cited by ChatGPT, Perplexity, Copilot and Gemini averaged 1,064 days since publication, against 1,432 for the organic search results: “on average, 25.7% ‘fresher’”. The 1,064 does not include AI Overviews. ahrefs.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor dataset, very large, method stated | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| Field noteYour firm may be invisible to ChatGPT. Here is how to check in ten minutes. | BuzzStream, 50 AI statistics digital PR and SEO should know, updated 30 June 2026: across a 4-million-citation dataset tracked with Xofu, blog and content pages made up 53.46% of citations. In a separate BuzzStream study of news citations, whose size the page does not give, press releases published through syndication were “0.32% of news citations and 0.04% of the entire dataset”. buzzstream.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor dataset (a digital-PR firm), large; sells the conclusion | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryFinancial services | Nivo, research with 70+ specialist lenders and brokers, reported by Mortgage Solutions, 7 May 2026: half of submitted information right first time; for a typical secured loan case, 15 to 20 message rounds, 5+ people and 5+ hours of broker-to-lender admin; 35% of cases needing corrections. mortgagesolutions.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | vendor research, named method and sample | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryFinancial services | OSWorld-Verified leaderboard, read in a browser on 24 September 2026: best model 86.0% (claude-fable-5, 1 August 2026) across 369 tasks; best agentic framework 90.2%; human baseline 72.36% from the original OSWorld paper. Until that day this page gave 86.1%, by Qwen3.8-Max, which the leaderboard does not show. osworld-v1.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| IndustryFinancial services | OSWorld 2.0, launched 26 June 2026 by the OSWorld team: 108 long-horizon tasks, 69.6% of them over an hour. Leaderboard read 24 September 2026: best binary completion 31.4% (Claude Opus 5, maximum effort). osworld-v2.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| IndustryFinancial services | TheAgentCompany: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Consequential Real World Tasks, Carnegie Mellon, arXiv:2412.14161 ("the most competitive agent can complete 30% of tasks autonomously" at publication); its leaderboard’s best checked result, read 24 September 2026, is 42.9%. the-agent-company.com (opens in a new tab) | peer-reviewable preprint and leaderboard, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| IndustryFinancial services | FCA, PS22/9 “A new Consumer Duty”, 27 July 2022: “the rules come into force on 31 July 2023” for open products and services, and on 31 July 2024 for closed ones (the outcome tests the six-record specification is written against). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | regulator, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryFinancial services | FCA, “Senior Managers and Certification Regime”, updated 24 April 2026: the regime aims to “reduce harm to consumers and strengthen market integrity by making individuals more accountable for their conduct and competence” (the accountability requirement the specification is written against). fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | regulator, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryFinancial services | The six-record specification and the four-item exclusion list are Noxia’s own. Neither is a regulatory standard. They are what we build to. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| IndustryLettings | Goodlord, State of the Lettings Industry Report 2025: 2,750+ respondents including 350+ letting agents, 1,350+ landlords and around 1,000 tenants. The average agency manages 340 properties with 14 employees; 54% employ five or fewer; 47% experimenting with AI; about 27% of agency revenue from tenancy renewals. The full report is behind a form; every figure here is on the page linked. goodlord.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor research; sample stated, full method not disclosed | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryLettings | InStep AI, reported by Property Industry Eye, 5 August 2026: 94.1% of weekday calls to UK sales and letting agencies unanswered between 6pm and 9pm; across the wider sample of 3,047 unique UK property business numbers, deduplicated from 3,169 branch records, 93.8% reached nobody. Calls placed May to July 2026. Publisher sells an AI answering assistant and disclosed its commercial interest. propertyindustryeye.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor research; method, sample and interest all stated | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryLettings | Hallsworth M et al., Stating Appointment Costs in SMS Reminders Reduces Missed Hospital Appointments, PLOS ONE 10.1371/journal.pone.0137306: 11.1% to 8.4% DNA in the first of its two trials, among 10,111 hospital outpatients. Cited here for the mechanism, not the setting. | peer-reviewed randomised controlled trial, primary | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| IndustryLettings | The Renters’ Rights Act’s effect on renewal fees, and the six-record specification, are Noxia’s reading and Noxia’s own standard respectively. Neither is legal advice. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | 7 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryDental | Hallsworth M et al., two randomised controlled trials published in PLOS ONE, at Barts Health NHS Trust outpatient clinics: in the first, 10,111 patients, including the specific cost of the appointment in the reminder reduced did-not-attend rates from 11.1% to 8.4%; in the second, 9,848 patients, a specific cost beat a general one, 8.2% against 9.9%. doi.org (opens in a new tab) | primary; peer-reviewed randomised controlled trials (in hospital outpatients rather than dental patients) and the strongest evidence on this page | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| IndustryDental | Noxia figures register, FIGURES.md, rendered at /what-we-checked. “1 in 7 dental appointments a no-show” struck as a statistic: traces to one NHS dentist describing his own practice over one year in a trade interview, no sample, no method. “£39 per missed UK appointment” struck: no source found; nearest real number £56,000 across one practice for one year, from the same interview. “55 to 65% no-show reduction from deposits” struck and replaced by the randomised trials above. noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary and first-party: our own record of the figures we removed | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| IndustryDental | Noxia research database, Lead_Magnet/data/leadmagnet.db, counted by SQL on 7 September 2026: 28,583 UK organisations, of which 7 dental practices, 16 letting agents, 4 plumbing and heating, and approximately 25,500 in financial intermediation, insurance broking, mortgage finance and fund management. | first-party; our own database, counted rather than estimated, and quoted here against our own interest | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryDental | The division of jobs into what we automate and what stays with a clinician is ours. It is not a regulatory standard and no dental body has endorsed it. | our opinion, labelled | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| IndustryPlumbing & heating | Noxia figures register, FIGURES.md, rendered at /what-we-checked. “1 in 5 calls missed” in the trades: struck (published claims for unanswered UK business calls run from roughly half to 94%, all from companies selling call answering); only one stated a method, and it measured evening calls to sales and letting agencies. “40% of bookings made after hours”: struck, not found. The specific values found in that search were approximately 47%, 62% and 94.1%, the last for evening calls to sales and letting agencies (93.8% across the 3,047 property firms that study rang). noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary and first-party: our own record of the figures we refused to use, published against our own commercial interest | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| IndustryPlumbing & heating | Noxia research database, Lead_Magnet/data/leadmagnet.db, counted by SQL on 7 September 2026: 28,583 UK organisations, of which 4 plumbing and heating firms, 7 dental practices, 16 letting agents, and approximately 25,500 in financial services. | first-party; our own database, counted rather than estimated | 20 Sept 2026 | 19 Mar 2027 |
| IndustryPlumbing & heating | Our own missed-call calculator opens on a worked example rather than an industry average, takes six figures from your own records (including the recovery rate every vendor sets to 100%) plus the monthly quote you are weighing, runs entirely in the browser with no network request and no email field, and can return “Buy nothing”. test/pages.js fails the build if that string is ever removed. noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | first-party, and checkable: the refusal is enforced by a test rather than promised in copy | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| IndustryPlumbing & heating | The division of jobs into what we automate and what stays with a person, and the rule that emergency calls never meet a machine, are ours. Neither is a trade standard. | our opinion, labelled | 20 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat is your unanswered phone actually costing you? | No industry statistic is used to compute anything on this page. The arithmetic runs on numbers you supply from your own call log and CRM. | no borrowed statistics, on purpose | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat is your unanswered phone actually costing you? | InStep AI, reported by Property Industry Eye, 5 August 2026: 94.1% of weekday calls to UK sales and letting agencies unanswered between 6pm and 9pm; across the wider sample of 3,047 unique UK property business numbers, deduplicated from 3,169 branch records, 93.8% reached nobody. Calls placed May to July 2026. Quoted here only as evidence that the published range is wide and vendor-supplied; not used as a default. propertyindustryeye.com (opens in a new tab) | vendor research; commercial interest disclosed by the publisher | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWhat is your unanswered phone actually costing you? | Vercel, “Privacy and Compliance: Web Analytics”, last updated 26 June 2026: no third-party cookies; a visit is recognised by a hash of the incoming request, discarded after 24 hours; each page view may carry the URL, the referrer, filtered query parameters, a location down to the city, and the device, operating system and browser. Speed Insights records the page’s load timings with the country and device type. vercel.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolShould you automate this? Six questions that settle it. | The two-axis framework (reversible × detectable) and the four supporting questions are Noxia’s own. They are not a standard, a regulation or a published methodology. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolShould you automate this? Six questions that settle it. | The reliability premise (that bounded tasks succeed and long-horizon cross-application work does not) rests on the OSWorld-Verified leaderboard (best model 86.0%, against a 72.36% human baseline) and on OSWorld 2.0 (best agent 31.4% of long-horizon tasks), both read 24 September 2026, and on TheAgentCompany, Carnegie Mellon, arXiv:2412.14161 (30% at publication; 42.9% best checked on its leaderboard). osworld-v2.xlang.ai (opens in a new tab) | public leaderboards and preprint, all primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| ToolShould you automate this? Six questions that settle it. | No answers, scores or results leave the page. The page counts its own views, first-party and without a cookie; the only click it records is on an email or phone link, which link, never anything you entered. | verifiable in your browser’s network tab | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolShould you automate this? Six questions that settle it. | Vercel, “Privacy and Compliance: Web Analytics”, last updated 26 June 2026: no third-party cookies; a visit is recognised by a hash of the incoming request, discarded after 24 hours; each page view may carry the URL, the referrer, filtered query parameters, a location down to the city, and the device, operating system and browser. Speed Insights records the page’s load timings with the country and device type. vercel.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWhich UK product rules apply to what you make? | GOV.UK, “Designated standards”: the index of 39 product areas, each linked to its own publication, read on 24 September 2026, when every one of the 39 pages was opened and loaded. The standards counted here are from the consolidated lists for the thirteen areas this site carries: 3,517 standards, read on 8 September 2026, ingested into notes/standards.json and rebuilt by build-standards.mjs. Each result links to its GOV.UK page, where the position is authoritative. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | government publication, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWhich UK product rules apply to what you make? | The seven questions and the mapping from answer to regime are Noxia’s own. They are a navigation aid, not a legal test, and no part of this page is a conformity assessment. | our opinion, labelled | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolCan an AI assistant actually read your website? | Cyrus Shepard, AI Citation Ranking Factors Analysis, Zyppy Signal, 7 May 2026: URL accessibility 9.5, search rank 9.4, fan-out rank 9.3, preview controls 9.2, query-answer match 9.2, on scores that run from 9.5 to 2, from 54 experiments, patents and case studies, stated by the author to be correlations. The ordering of these checks follows those weightings. signal.zyppy.com (opens in a new tab) | third-party synthesis, method stated; not a platform disclosure | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolCan an AI assistant actually read your website? | The six checks, their wording and the fixes are Noxia’s own. No URL is fetched and nothing you enter leaves the page. | our opinion, labelled | 11 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolIs this supplier in trouble? Where to look, free. | The Gazette (thegazette.co.uk): the UK’s official public record, carrying statutory insolvency notices. Free to search, no account. thegazette.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | official public record, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolIs this supplier in trouble? Where to look, free. | Companies House (find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk): filing history, accounts due dates, charges register, officers, and the register of disqualifications. Free to search, no account. find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | government register, primary | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolIs this supplier in trouble? Where to look, free. | The mapping from exposure to signal, and the ordering, are Noxia’s own. Nothing here is credit advice, and no supplier name is typed, stored or transmitted by this page. | our opinion, labelled | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat can the things you installed actually reach? | The six categories and the blast-radius ordering are Noxia’s own, drawn from building our agent package scanner. They are not a standard, a framework or a certification. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat can the things you installed actually reach? | Nothing is scanned, no system is named, and no answer leaves the page. The page counts its own views, anonymously and first-party, and nothing you answer is part of that count. | verifiable in your browser’s network tab | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat is the going day rate? Not from two data points, it isn’t. | No rate data is published by this page. Every figure in the result is one you entered, and the arithmetic is a median and a range over your own points. | no borrowed statistics, on purpose | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat is the going day rate? Not from two data points, it isn’t. | The n≥3 floor, the 60% spread warning and the source-attribution rule are Noxia’s own. The rate index this tool was specified against has no repository, which is why every figure here is one you type in rather than one read from an index of ours. | our opinion, labelled | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWill this tool pay for itself? The subscription is not the cost. | The default hours shown (8 to choose, 12 to onboard, 1 a week to supervise, at £30 an hour of internal cost) are Noxia’s own model, published in the £200 floor note so they can be disputed. They are a worked example, not a benchmark, and every one is editable here. noxia.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | our own arithmetic, labelled as such. No survey underlies the default hours | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWill this tool pay for itself? The subscription is not the cost. | The point that supervision becomes non-negotiable where output is client-facing or regulated rests on the safeguards in Article 22C of the UK GDPR, substituted by section 80 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 and in force since 5 February 2026. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for the legal point; the costing is ours | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWill this tool pay for itself? The subscription is not the cost. | Nothing entered here leaves the page. There is no network call in this file and no field that identifies anybody. | first-party, and enforced: test/pages.js fails the build if this page names any API that could open a connection | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolHow many vulnerable customers are you not seeing? | Financial Conduct Authority, “Delivering good outcomes for customers in vulnerable circumstances: good practice and areas for improvement”, 7 March 2025: 725 firms surveyed; about 4 in 10 consumers with vulnerability characteristics disclosed to providers; 19% felt providers encouraged disclosure; of firms with training for non-frontline staff, 54% said it covered how vulnerability related to each person’s role; 29% tested product impacts on vulnerable customers; most firms in the outcomes work “were unable to show how they effectively monitor and take action on outcomes”. fca.org.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the regulator’s own review. Firm-behaviour figures are self-reported | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| ToolHow many vulnerable customers are you not seeing? | The estimate is flagged ÷ disclosure rate, which assumes disclosure is independent of everything else about a customer. It is not, so treat the output as an order of magnitude. | our own model, with its central assumption stated as a weakness | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolHow many vulnerable customers are you not seeing? | Nothing entered here leaves the page. No network call, no identifying field. | first-party, and enforced by the build | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat your maturity book is worth, and what the admin costs you. | Nivo, research published 7 May 2026 from in-depth conversations with more than 70 specialist lenders and brokers, reported by Mortgage Solutions: only half of submitted information right first time; for a typical secured loan case, 15 to 20 rounds of messages, more than five people and upwards of five hours of admin on the broker-to-lender leg; 35% of cases requiring corrections. mortgagesolutions.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | vendor research, but with a named method and sample size. Used for the shape of a case, not as a default you must accept: the hours field is yours | 24 Sept 2026 | 24 Sept 2027 |
| ToolWhat your maturity book is worth, and what the admin costs you. | Bank of England, “Money and Credit (July 2026”, published 1 September 2026: approvals for house purchase fell to 56,100 from 58,200 while remortgaging rose to 34,500 from 34,100) the divergence that makes a maturity book the binding constraint. bankofengland.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the central bank’s own monthly release, subject to revision | 23 Sept 2026 | 23 Oct 2026 Due soon |
| ToolWhat your maturity book is worth, and what the admin costs you. | The comparison against halved rather than eliminated admin, and the decision to convert unreached maturities at the same rate as reached ones, are ours. Both make the answer smaller than a vendor’s version would. | our own model, with the conservative choices named | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat your maturity book is worth, and what the admin costs you. | Nothing entered here leaves the page. | first-party, and enforced by the build | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolFour points costs £200. When do yours land? | HM Revenue & Customs, “Penalties for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax”, published 12 March 2026, last updated 30 March 2026: “There are no penalties for missing a quarterly update deadline for the 2026 to 2027 tax year”; “For each quarterly update (for tax years after 2026 to 2027) or tax return deadline you miss, you’ll get a penalty point”; at 4 points a “£200 penalty” and a “£200 penalty each time you miss another submission deadline”; below the threshold each point removed “24 months after the missed deadline”. Late payment for 2026-27: “3% of the tax owed at day 15, and 3% of the tax owed at day 30”, plus “an annual rate of 10% per year on the outstanding amount, charged daily from day 31 until the tax is paid, or for up to 2 years”; for 2027-28, 4% and 4%; in the first year of new penalties, 30 days before penalties apply rather than 15. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the tax authority’s own guidance | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolFour points costs £200. When do yours land? | ICAS, “Making Tax Digital: Penalties”, read 23 September 2026 (the accountancy body’s summary this tool was first built from). Its “No penalty points will be issued for late quarterly updates submission for the first year of MTD” is narrower on HMRC’s page, which ties the easement to the 2026-27 tax year; its “If you receive a second late payment penalty, an additional annual penalty of 10% per year applies” describes the charge HMRC applies to anything unpaid after day 30. icas.com (opens in a new tab) | secondary; superseded here by HMRC’s own guidance above | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolFour points costs £200. When do yours land? | The Finance Act 2021 (Increase in Schedule 26 Penalty Percentages) Regulations 2025, SI 2025/589, made 13 May 2025, in force 31 May 2025: in the late payment penalty rules “for ‘2%’ substitute ‘3%’” and “for ‘4%’ substitute ‘10%’”. We could not find on legislation.gov.uk the instrument behind HMRC’s 4% rates for 2027-28. legislation.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the legislation behind the 2026-27 rates | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolFour points costs £200. When do yours land? | HMRC, “Find out if and when you need to use Making Tax Digital for Income Tax”, last updated 26 March 2026: the thresholds and start dates these penalties attach to. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary for scope | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolFour points costs £200. When do yours land? | This models a 2026-27 bill with the same tax outstanding throughout. It does not model appeals, reasonable excuse, payment plans, or the 2-point threshold for anyone who becomes exempt in 2027-28, all of which matter in a specific case. We are not accountants and this is not tax advice. | a stated limit on this tool | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolFour points costs £200. When do yours land? | Nothing entered here leaves the page. | first-party, and enforced by the build | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolHow long is the wait? Your utilisation, and what it costs you. | The calculation uses the standard single-server queue result, in which mean waiting time scales as ρ/(1−ρ) times the service time. It is textbook queueing theory, not a finding of ours. | established theory, stated as such | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolHow long is the wait? Your utilisation, and what it costs you. | We verified the formula against a discrete-event simulation of 400,000 arrivals at each of six loads on 23 September 2026: 1.00 against a predicted 1.00 at 50% utilisation, 4.00 against 4.00 at 80%, 9.05 against 9.00 at 90% and 19.89 against 19.00 at 95%. The method and the numbers are set out in the accompanying note. | our own run, reported with its method and its date | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolHow long is the wait? Your utilisation, and what it costs you. | The division by the number of people sharing a queue is an approximation, not the exact multi-server result, and it assumes genuine pooling. Highly variable job lengths make the output optimistic. Both limits are stated on the page. | a stated limit on the tool above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat will your business rates bill be from April 2026? | Camden Council, “Business rates explained 2026 to 2027”, read 23 September 2026: five multipliers from 1 April 2026 (small business RHL below £51,000 at 38.2p, small business other at 43.2p, standard RHL £51,000 to £499,999 at 43p, standard other at 48p, and high value £500,000 and above at 50.8p for all uses). Revaluation effective 1 April 2026 using market values as at 1 April 2024. camden.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a billing authority publishing the national multipliers it must apply | 23 Sept 2026 | 22 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWhat will your business rates bill be from April 2026? | England only. This calculates the multiplier arithmetic and does not model small business rate relief, transitional arrangements, charitable, rural or empty property relief, or local discretionary schemes. It is not advice on a specific property and we are not rating surveyors. | a stated limit on the tool above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat does an apprentice actually cost you? | Department for Education, “Apprenticeship funding”, for new starts from 1 August 2026, read 24 September 2026: for employers who do not pay the levy and for levy payers who exhaust their funds, government funds all training and assessment costs, up to the funding band, for apprentices “aged between 16 and 24 years old” at the start; for apprentices aged 25 or over, government contributes “95%” for employers who do not pay the levy and “75%” for levy employers who exhaust their funds; non-levy employers receive “a hiring payment of up to £2,000 (paid in instalments)” for an apprentice aged 16 to 24 with a practical period starting from 1 October 2026 who has not been employed there for more than 90 days. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s funding rules | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWhat does an apprentice actually cost you? | Department for Education, “Growth and Skills Levy”, find-employer-schemes.education.gov.uk: levy at 0.5% on annual pay bills over £3 million; the 10% government top-up ends and funds expire after 12 months rather than 24. Its 0% and 25% rates are what a levy payer pays “When your levy funds run out”, which this tool until 24 September 2026 applied to every employer. find-employer-schemes.education.gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | primary; the department’s own employer-facing scheme page | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolWhat does an apprentice actually cost you? | The tool excludes employer National Insurance, pension contributions, equipment and the off-the-job training hours the apprentice spends away from productive work. Skills funding is devolved and these figures are the England position. We are not a training provider. | a stated limit on the tool above | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolWhat does an apprentice actually cost you? | The argument that supervision is the decisive and reliably underestimated cost is ours. | our own argument, labelled as such | 24 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolAre you a “large organisation”? Two of three is enough. | Wiggin LLP, “Failure to prevent fraud: new law comes into force”, 1 September 2025, re-read 24 September 2026: in force 1 September 2025; “large organisation” means meeting two of three criteria (turnover over £36m, balance sheet total over £18m, or more than 250 employees); the offence arises where an associated person commits a specified fraud intending to benefit the organisation; the defence is reasonable fraud prevention procedures, assessed against six Home Office principles. wiggin.co.uk (opens in a new tab) | secondary; a law firm’s summary of the offence and the guidance, authoritative on the thresholds and the principles | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolAre you a “large organisation”? Two of three is enough. | The offence was introduced by the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023. This tool applies the size test only. It does not identify the specified base offences, model group aggregation, or assess risk. We are not lawyers and this is not legal advice. | a stated limit on the tool above | 23 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolDo the standards on your declaration still count? | GOV.UK designated standards: the consolidated lists for thirteen of the 39 product areas GOV.UK publishes, read through the GOV.UK content API and parsed from the published OpenDocument spreadsheets on 8 September 2026. 3,517 standards, of which 699 carry a cessation date and 65 of those deadlines were then still ahead. The nearest is 8 October 2026 (EN 12941:1998 and EN 12942:1998, personal protective equipment). On 24 September 2026 we opened all 39 product-area pages: none of the thirteen had published a newer list, and five of the thirteen addresses this page had used for them no longer existed, so every link now comes from the index itself. gov.uk (opens in a new tab) | the primary source, published by the department that maintains it | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |
| ToolDo the standards on your declaration still count? | No standard’s text is reproduced anywhere on this page. ISO, IEC and BSI documents are licensed publications; this tool names the reference, reports what the government list says about it, and links to the list. Buying the standard itself is a separate transaction we take no part in and earn nothing from. | a limitation we chose, stated rather than worked around | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolDo the standards on your declaration still count? | Cessation dates are read exactly as published and are never rolled forward off a weekend or a bank holiday. A court deadline moves under CPR 2.8(5); presumption of conformity does not: it stops on the date the list gives. | our reading of the rule, stated so it can be argued with | 8 Sept 2026 | Never |
| ToolDo the standards on your declaration still count? | Vercel, “Privacy and Compliance: Web Analytics”, last updated 26 June 2026: no third-party cookies; a visit is recognised by a hash of the incoming request, discarded after 24 hours; each page view may carry the URL, the referrer, filtered query parameters, a location down to the city, and the device, operating system and browser. Speed Insights records the page’s load timings with the country and device type. vercel.com (opens in a new tab) | primary; the provider’s own documentation of its own product | 24 Sept 2026 | 23 Mar 2027 |